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(a)
Interpretation:
Oxidation number of each element in
Concept Introduction:
Oxidation number is integer value allotted to every element. It is formal charge occupied by atom if all of its bonds are dissociated heterolytically. Below mentioned are rules to assign oxidation numbers to various elements.
1. Elements present in their free state have zero oxidation number.
2. Oxidation number of hydrogen is generally
3. Oxidation number of oxygen is
4. Metals have positive oxidation numbers.
5. Negative oxidation numbers are assigned to most electronegative element in covalent compounds.
6. Sum of oxidation numbers of different elements in neutral atom is zero.
7. Sum of oxidation numbers of various elements in polyatomic ion is equal to charge present on ion.
(b)
Interpretation:
Oxidation number of each element in
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
Oxidation number of each element in
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
Oxidation number of each element in
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(e)
Interpretation:
Oxidation number of each element in
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chapter 17 Solutions
FOUND.OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY
- You have two 500.0-mL aqueous solutions. Solution A is a solution of a metal nitrate that is 8.246% nitrogen by mass. The ionic compound in solution B consists of potassium, chromium, and oxygen; chromium has an oxidation state of + 6 and there are 2 potassiums and 1 chromium in the formula. The masses of the solutes in each of the solutions are the same. When the solutions are added together, a blood-red precipitate forms. After the reaction bas gone to completion, you dry the solid and find that it has a mass of 331.8 g. a. Identify the ionic compounds in solution A and solution B. b. Identify the blood-red precipitate. c. Calculate the concentration (molarity) of all ions in the original solutions. d. Calculate the concentration (molarity) of all ions in the final solution.arrow_forwardChromium has been investigated as a coating for steel cans. The thickness of the chromium film is determined by dissolving a sample of a can in acid and oxidizing the resulting Cr3+ to Cr2O72 with the peroxydisulfate ion: S2O82(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) Cr2O72(aq) + SO42(aq) + H+(aq) (Unbalanced) After removal of unreacted S2O82 an excess of ferrous ammonium sulfate [Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O] is added, reacting with Cr2O72 produced from the first reaction. The unreacted Fe2+ from the excess ferrous ammonium sulfate is titrated with a separate K2Cr2O7 solution. The reaction is: H+(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + Cr2O72(aq) Fe3+(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) (Unbalanced) a. Write balanced chemical equations for the two reactions. b. In one analysis, a 40.0-cm2 sample of a chromium-plated can was treated according to this procedure. After dissolution and removal of excess S2O82, 3.000 g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O was added. It took 8.58 mL of 0.0520 M K2Cr2O7 solution to completely react with the excess Fe2+. Calculate the thickness of the chromium film on the can. (The density of chromium is 7.19 g/cm3)arrow_forwardGold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forward
- The Toliens test for the presence of reducing sugars (say, in a urine sample) involves treating the sample with silver ions in aqueous ammonia. The result is the formation of a silver mirror within the reaction vessel if a reducing sugar is present. Using glucose, C6H12O6, to illustrate this test, the oxidation-reduction reaction occurring is C6H12O6 (aq) + 2 Ag+(aq) + 2OH(aq) C6H12O7(aq) + 2 Ag(s) + H2O() What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? What is the oxidizing agent, and what is the reducing agent? Tolien's test. The reaction of silver ions with a sugar such as glucose produces metallic silver. (a) The set-up for the reaction. (b) The silvered test tubearrow_forwardBalance each of the following oxidationreduction reactions by nsing the oxidation states method. a. Cl2(g) + Al(s) Al3+(aq) + Cl(aq) b. O2(g) + H2O(l) + Ph(s) Ph(OH)2(s) c. H+(aq) + MnO4(aq) + Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + Fe3+(aq) + H2O(l)arrow_forwardBalance each of the following oxidationreduction reactions by using the oxidation states method. a. C2H6(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g) b. Mg(s) + HCl(aq) Mg2+(aq) + Cl(aq) + H2(g) c. Co3+ (aq) + Ni(s) Co2+(aq) + Ni2+(aq) d. Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)arrow_forward
- The blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forwardBalance each of the following oxidationreduction reactions by using the oxidation states method. a.C2H4(g) + O2(g) CO3(g) + H2O(g) b. Mg(s) + HCl(aq) Mg2+(aq) + Cl(aq) + H2(g) c.Co3+(aq) + Ni(s) Co2+(aq) + Ni2+(aq) d.Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ZnSo4(aq) + H2(g)arrow_forwardVitamin C has the formula C6H8O6. Besides being an acid, it is a reducing agent. One method for determining the amount of vitamin C in a sample is to titrate it with a solution of bromine, Br2, an oxidizing agent. C6H8O6(aq) + Br2(aq) 2 HBr(aq) + C6H6O6(aq) A 1.00-g "chewable" vitamin C tablet requires 27.85 ml of 0.102 M Br2 for titration to the equivalence point. What is the mass of vitamin C in the tablet?arrow_forward
- The ampere unit is used to describe the flow of electricity in an electrical circuit. One ampere is an amount of electricity corresponding to the flow of 6.21018 electrons past a point in a circuit in 1 second. In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen atoms are dissociated into H+ ions and electrons (HH++1e). How many grams of hydrogen must be dissociated each second in a fuel cell to produce 1.0 ampere of electricity?arrow_forwardCopper metal can reduce silver ions to metallic silver. The copper is oxidized to copper ions according to the reaction 2Ag+(aq)+Cu(s)Cu2+(aq)+2Ag(s)A copper strip with a mass of 2.00 g is dipped into a solution of AgNO3. After some time has elapsed, the copper strip is coated with silver. The strip is removed from the solution, dried, and weighed. The coated strip has a mass of 4.18 g. What are the masses of copper and silver metals in the strip? (Hint: Remember that the copper metal is being used up as silver metal forms.)arrow_forwardBromine is obtained from sea water by the following redox reaction: Cl2(g) + 2 NaBr(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + Br2() (a) What has been oxidized? What has been reduced? (b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.arrow_forward
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