Chapter 17, Problem 47AE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for reaction of zinc and dilute nitric acid in acidic solution has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Rules to balance redox reactions by ion-electron method are as follows:

1. Two half-reactions with elements that got oxidized and reduced should be written.

2. Elements other than oxygen and hydrogen should be balanced.

3. Conditions to balance $\text{O}$ and $\text{H}$ are as follows:

In acidic solution, ${\text{H}}^{+}$ and ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ should be used to balance $\text{O}$ and $\text{H}$.

In basic solution, equal ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions to ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions should be added on both sides of balanced reaction in acidic medium.

4. For acidic medium, charge is balanced by addition of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion. Then combine ${\text{H}}^{+}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ to form ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ and cancel common ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ in reaction.

5. Electrons should be added to balance electric charge.

6. Finally, two half-reactions should be added and any common substance including electrons must be cancelled.