An electrochemical cell consists of a nickel metal electrode immersed in a solution with [Ni 2+ ] = 1.0 M separated by a porous disk from an aluminum metal electrode. a. What is the potential of this cell at 25°C if the aluminum electrode is placed in a solution in which [Al 3+ ] = 7.2 × 10 −3 M ? b. When the aluminum electrode is placed in a certain solution in which [Al 3+ ] is unknown, the measured cell potential at 25°C is 1.62 V. Calculate [Al 3+ ] in the unknown solution. (Assume Al is oxidized.)
An electrochemical cell consists of a nickel metal electrode immersed in a solution with [Ni 2+ ] = 1.0 M separated by a porous disk from an aluminum metal electrode. a. What is the potential of this cell at 25°C if the aluminum electrode is placed in a solution in which [Al 3+ ] = 7.2 × 10 −3 M ? b. When the aluminum electrode is placed in a certain solution in which [Al 3+ ] is unknown, the measured cell potential at 25°C is 1.62 V. Calculate [Al 3+ ] in the unknown solution. (Assume Al is oxidized.)
Solution Summary: The author describes an electrochemical cell with a standard hydrogen electrode and copper metal electrode as the reference electrode for the calculation of standard reduction potential of other electrodes.
An electrochemical cell consists of a nickel metal electrode immersed in a solution with [Ni2+] = 1.0 M separated by a porous disk from an aluminum metal electrode.
a. What is the potential of this cell at 25°C if the aluminum electrode is placed in a solution in which [Al3+] = 7.2 × 10−3M?
b. When the aluminum electrode is placed in a certain solution in which [Al3+] is unknown, the measured cell potential at 25°C is 1.62 V. Calculate [Al3+] in the unknown solution. (Assume Al is oxidized.)
Definition Definition Study of chemical reactions that result in the production of electrical energy. Electrochemistry focuses particularly on how chemical energy is converted into electrical energy and vice-versa. This energy is used in various kinds of cells, batteries, and appliances. Most electrochemical reactions involve oxidation and reduction.
Identifying electron-donating and
For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the
benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene.
Molecule
Inductive Effects
NH2
○ donating
NO2
Explanation
Check
withdrawing
no inductive effects
Resonance Effects
Overall Electron-Density
○ donating
O withdrawing
O no resonance effects
O donating
O withdrawing
O donating
withdrawing
O no inductive effects
Ono resonance effects
O electron-rich
electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
O electron-rich
O electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
olo
18
Ar
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Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell