The detailed mechanisms of the given reactions are to be predicted. Concept introduction: A mechanism involves the collection of all those steps that occur in a reaction. Ester formation occurs between carboxylic acid and alcohol in acidic medium. It involves protonation of the carbonyl group of carboxylic acid, and then attack of hydroxyl oxygen of alcohol on the carbonyl carbon. It involves the formation of water as another product. The amide bond contains a carbonyl group bonded to an amino group. The amide bond is a reaction product of carboxylic acid, acid chlorides or esters with primary amines . It occurs by nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl carbon by an amine group. Hydrolysis of the cyanide group in acidic medium results in the formation of the carboxylic group. The reaction occurs in presence of mineral acid and proceeds via the formation of amide as an intermediate.

Question

Please aid in drawing mechanisms for the reactions shown below.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanisms of the given reactions are to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism involves the collection of all those steps that occur in a reaction.

Ester formation occurs between carboxylic acid and alcohol in acidic medium. It involves protonation of the carbonyl group of carboxylic acid, and then attack of hydroxyl oxygen of alcohol on the carbonyl carbon. It involves the formation of water as another product.

The amide bond contains a carbonyl group bonded to an amino group. The amide bond is a reaction product of carboxylic acid, acid chlorides or esters with primary amines. It occurs by nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl carbon by an amine group.

Hydrolysis of the cyanide group in acidic medium results in the formation of the carboxylic group. The reaction occurs in presence of mineral acid and proceeds via the formation of amide as an intermediate.

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Please aid in drawing mechanisms for the reactions shown below.

5.34 Select the compound in each of the following pairs that will be converted to the corresponding alkyl bromide more rapidly on being treated with hydrogen bromide. Explain the reason for your choice. (a) 1-Butanol or 2-butanol (b) 2-Methyl-1-butanol or 2-butanol (c) 2-Methyl-2-butanol or 2-butanol (d) 2-Methylbutane or 2-butanol dovolonentanol or cyclohexanol

4.33 Select the compound in each of the following pairs that will be converted to the corresponding alkyl bromide more rapidly on being treated with hydrogen bromide. Explain the reason for your choice. (a) 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol (b) 2-Methyl-1-butanol or 2-butanol (c) 2-Methyl-2-butanol or 2-butanol (d) 2-Methylbutane or 2-butanol (e) 1-Methylcyclopentanol or cyclohexanol Draw the energy diagrams of an SN1 reaction and an SN2 reaction. Include in your drawing anexample reaction. Identify the rate limiting step and label it as unimolecular or bimolecular.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanisms of the given reactions are to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism involves the collection of all those steps that occur in a reaction.

Ester formation occurs between carboxylic acid and alcohol in acidic medium. It involves protonation of the carbonyl group of carboxylic acid, and then attack of hydroxyl oxygen of alcohol on the carbonyl carbon. It involves the formation of water as another product.

The amide bond contains a carbonyl group bonded to an amino group. The amide bond is a reaction product of carboxylic acid, acid chlorides or esters with primary amines. It occurs by nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl carbon by an amine group.

Hydrolysis of the cyanide group in acidic medium results in the formation of the carboxylic group. The reaction occurs in presence of mineral acid and proceeds via the formation of amide as an intermediate.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanisms of the given reactions are to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism involves the collection of all those steps that occur in a reaction.

Ester formation occurs between carboxylic acid and alcohol in acidic medium. It involves protonation of the carbonyl group of carboxylic acid, and then attack of hydroxyl oxygen of alcohol on the carbonyl carbon. It involves the formation of water as another product.

The amide bond contains a carbonyl group bonded to an amino group. The amide bond is a reaction product of carboxylic acid, acid chlorides or esters with primary amines. It occurs by nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl carbon by an amine group.

Hydrolysis of the cyanide group in acidic medium results in the formation of the carboxylic group. The reaction occurs in presence of mineral acid and proceeds via the formation of amide as an intermediate.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction