Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 6P
Under conditions where
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How many acetyl CoA molecules are produced in one cycle of beta oxidation?
How many cycles would it take to catabolize a stearic acid molecule (a fatty acid, [18:0]) into acetyl Co A units?
a)How many acetyl CoA molecules would be produced?
b) How many reduced nucleotides would be produced?
c) If a molecule of glucose produces a net 32 ATP when completely catabolized, which do you think will produce more energy, one molecule of glucose or one molecule of stearic acid? Justify your answer.
Hemp oil contains eicosenoic acid (20:149) as its primary monounsaturated fatty acid. Let's consider the
conversion of a molecule of eicosenoic acid to ẞ-hydroxybutyrate.
What are the ẞ-oxidation products and how many ATP are required during activation for one molecule of lignoceric
acid?
Given the following, how many molecules of 8-hydroxybutyrate can be produced?
2
CoA
CoA
NADH NAD+
H+
OH
B-hydroxybutyrate
Based on the total NADH and FADH2 available after converting lignoceric acid into 8-hydroxybutyrate, what is the typical
yield of ATP that can be produced in the liver? Don't forget to include any ATP required for activation steps.
Most fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A fatty acid with an odd number of carbonsis metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. The following two reactions convert propionyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, a citric acidcycle intermediate, so it can be further metabolized. Each of the reactions requires a coenzyme. Identify the coenzyme for each step. From what vitaminsare the coenzymes derived? (Hint: see Chapter 23.)
COO− COO−CH2CH2methylmalonyl-CoA succinyl-CoA
CH3CH2 SCoA
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1PCh. 16 - If palmitic acid is subjected to complete...Ch. 16 - Calculate the number of ATPs generated by the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4PCh. 16 - Prob. 5PCh. 16 - Under conditions where ketone bodies are being...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7PCh. 16 - 2-Bromopalmitoyl-CoA inhibits the oxidation of...Ch. 16 - When the identical subunits of chicken liver fatty...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11PCh. 16 - Prob. 12PCh. 16 - Prob. 13PCh. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - Prob. 15PCh. 16 - What would be the effect on fatty acid synthesis...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17PCh. 16 - Identify and briefly discuss each mechanism...Ch. 16 - Prob. 19PCh. 16 - Prob. 20PCh. 16 - Prob. 21PCh. 16 - Prob. 22PCh. 16 - Prob. 23PCh. 16 - 24. If mevalonate labeled with 14C in the carboxyl...Ch. 16 - Prob. 25PCh. 16 - Identify a pathway for utilization of the four...Ch. 16 - Prob. 27PCh. 16 - cis-Vaccenate is an 18-carbon unsaturated fatty...Ch. 16 - 29. Briefly describe how cyclic AMP controls...Ch. 16 - Prob. 30PCh. 16 - Prob. 31PCh. 16 - In addition to the pathway described in Figure...Ch. 16 - Prob. 33P
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- On these following choices, Malonyl CoA synthase, Malonyl CoA synthetase, Acetyl CoA carboxylase and Acetyl CoA decarboxylase, what is the correct answer in fatty acid synthesis?arrow_forwardIn the presence of an excess of [14C]acetyl- COA, the metabolic pool of malonyl-CoA becomes labeled at which carbon atom(s)?arrow_forwardFourteen NADPH molecules are required to produce one molecules of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. Substantiate this statement by referring to the enzymatic activities involved in reduction steps during fatty acid synthesis and the number of cycles required to produce palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. How many molecules of ATP is required for the synthesis of palmitic acid from cytosolic acetyl-CoA?arrow_forward
- In order to provide the acetyl-CoA molecules to produce 3 equivalents of palmitic acid, how many glucose molecules would be required?arrow_forwardBefore β-oxidation, fatty acids must be converted to their CoASH derivatives. Explain why this reaction is necessary.arrow_forwardExplain why the carbon skeletons of ketogenic amino acids yielding acetyl-CoA only cannot be converted into glucose.arrow_forward
- How many acetyl CoA molecules can be produced during the complete β-oxidation of this fatty acid?arrow_forwardHow many moles of Acetyl CoA are produced from the beta oxidation of Lauric Acid?arrow_forwardShow the first cycle of beta-oxidation of stearic acid. How many ATPs will be generated from the complete oxidation of this fatty acid?arrow_forward
- Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.arrow_forwardTo oxidize the fatty acid molecule shown below, what enzyme(s) are needed in addition to the enzymes needed for beta - oxidation? A) 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase only B) enoyl-CoA isomerase only C) both enoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase D) No additional enzymes are needed besides the normal ones for beta - oxidation. CH3(CH2)3-CH=CH-(CH2)3-C-0° поarrow_forwardCholesterol synthesis and ketogenesis share the first few reactions after which the pathways deviate. Provide a schematic presentation showing the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA and where cholesterol synthesis deviates from this pathway (first intermediate that differs between the two pathways).arrow_forward
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