Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 3FIB
An organism’s ______ refers to the specific alleles found within its chromosomes, while the traits that these alleles produce are called its ______. Which of these does natural selection act on? ______
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Students have asked these similar questions
In order for evolution to occur via natural selection on a particular trait, which of the following must be present for that trait? Which out of the 4 answers below is correct? Only 1 answer is correct
Variation, mutations, fitness consequences
Variation, fitness consequences, mode of inheritance
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Mutations, fitness consequences, mode of inheritance
Which of the following changes or mutations can be acted upon by natural selection? For each
choice, select yes or no.
UV radiation induces a mutation in skin cells,
[ Choose ]
causing uncontrolled cell growth
Long-term exposure to toxic aerosols in
cigarette smoke causes mutations in the cells
[ Choose ]
lining the lungs
Eugene residents develop an increase in red
blood cell count while backpacking in the
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Excessive exposure to X-ray radiation
induces mutations in the sperm cells of some
[ Choose ]
hospital workers
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>
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Which of the following BEST describes the theory of natural selection?
Living organisms change over time.
Each species produces many more offspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspring that do survive contain genes that are inherited from the parents.
There is variation among the members of a species. Some of this variation is genetically determined and so can be passed on to future generations.
Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation.
There is a struggle for existence among the members of a population.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...
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- Explain how these drawings illustrate an example of natural selection. Include the term "adaptive heritable trait" in your answer. A deer comes to eat. | A few weeks later the right-hand cactus has flowers. This figure shows the situation a few months later.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is based? Group of answer choices Only a fraction of an individual’s offspring may survive. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support. There is heritable variation among individuals. Modifications of an organism acquires during its lifetime can be passed to its offspring.arrow_forwardFor this natural selection story, focus on just ONE GENETIC TRAIT that has two alleles. This is a make-believe story but the story line should sound plausible. Do not involve humans in any way. Once upon a time there was a population of polar bears. Most of the polar bears had/were_(a)___ but a small proportion of the population had/were__(b) ___ Over many generations, the proportion of bears expressing the rare allele became more common through natural selection. What was going on within this population to cause this shift? ___(c)_(very brief is great!) Note: do NOT mention whether the alleles are dominant/recessive nor about individuals being homozygous etc. We are looking at the big picture population-level patterns only.arrow_forward
- Genetic variation is the product of completely random events, but acting upon this randomness is a very nonrandom process called natural selection. Explain or give an example.arrow_forwardFour of the five factors below support the mechanism of natural selection. In contrast, the fifth factor blocks natural selection from occurring. Which one of the factors listed below does NOT lead to natural selection, but instead stops it from occurring? O Characteristics are inherited - passed from parent to offspring. O Organisms in a population are identical to each other. O There is competition among organisms in a population. O More offspring are born than can survive. O Organisms in a population vary in characteristics that affect how well they survive and reproduce. o o oOarrow_forwardEach of the following is necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT: there is inheritable variation among members of the population. more offspring are born than can survive. organisms must change their anatomy (body structures) during their lifetimearrow_forward
- The process by which inherited characteristics of populations change over time is called_______ . Variability among individuals is the result of chance changes called_________ that occur in the hereditary molecule ________.arrow_forwardWhich the following statements about Darwin's theory of natural selection is true? O In order to reproduce more successfully, an individual must evolve so that it adapts to its environment. The natural environment consistently causes variation of certain traits in the population. O Individuals with inherited traits that are better suited to the local environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than less well-suited individuals. Natural selection, by its cumulative effects over long periods of time, could have caused random changes in ancestral species, thus giving rise to two or more descendant species.arrow_forwardNatural selection acts upon ____________________________, evolution upon _______________________________. What is the gene pool and how does natural selection act upon it? If a version of a gene confers an advantage to survival and reproduction, that version of the gene will be favored by natural selection and we can expect the frequency of that gene to ______________________ within the population over time. Versions of the gene that do not confer an advantage (or confer a disadvantage) should become _______________ prevalent . This generation to generation change in the gene pool is called ________________________. Changes to the genetic makeup of a population and the individuals within it can arise via two mechanisms. List and describe both. Both of these processes are ________________________________. Once created, new combinations of genes will be acted upon by _________new alleles_______________________. How is Darwinian “fitness” different than the typical definition used in…arrow_forward
- In a minimum of 5 sentences, expound the quote "Natural selection will not remove ignorance from future generations." by Richard Dawkinsarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes natural selection? O It is a guess made by scientists about how life develops, but it has no hard evidence to support it. It is the idea that the strong survive and the weak die off. It is the idea that organisms with genetic traits that improve their ability to reproduce are more likely to pass those traits on to future generations. It is the idea that organisms naturally increase in complexity and intelligence with time.arrow_forwardNatural selection is dependent on several factors, including the ability a population to survive and reproduce within a particular environment. How are both of these factors modeled?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY