Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16.2, Problem 1TC
If it were true that mutations do occur in response to the presence of antibiotics. how would the result of this experiment have differed from the actual result?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...
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- You perform an Ames test to determine which compound X causes mutations or not. You grow an auxotrophic strain of bacteria on three plates; one with no compound X, one with just compound X and one with compound X mixed with liver enzymes. You find many more colonies on the plates with compound X and with compound X plus liver enzymes compared to the control plate. Which of the following describes the best interpretation of the results? Compound X causes mutations on it's own but is safe after exposure to liver enzymes. Compound X is not mutagenic. Compound X is mutagenic regardless of whether it has been processed by liver enzymes. Compound X is mutagenic only after being treated with liver enzymes.arrow_forwardConsider the following experiment. First, large populations of two mutant strains of Escherichia coli are mixed, each requiring a different, single amino acid. After plating them onto a minimal medium, 45 colonies grew. Which of the following may explain this result? A) The colonies may be due to back mutation (reversion). B) The colonies may be due to recombination. C) Either A or B is possible. D) Neither A nor B is possible.arrow_forwardDescribe the experiment done by Frederick Griffith in 1928, where the non-lethal (rough) strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria killed experimental mice when mixed with the heat-killed smooth strain. Discuss what may have happened to the rough strain after the heat-killed smooth strain was introduced and why you think the rough strain killed the mice. What would be the conclusion and significance of this study and its finding?arrow_forward
- a bacteriophage has been isolated from the growth chambers that has evolved the capability to the methylate its own DNA when it is replicated inside the host bacterium. why is this a problem?arrow_forwardWhy are bacteria excellent hosts for recombinant DNA experiments?arrow_forwardIn the Hershey–Chase experiment, the radioactive label 32P was present inside bacterial cells (i.e., in the pellet), whereas the radioactive label 35S waspresent outside bacterial cells (in the supernatant). What would the researchers have concluded had the reverse been true, that is, if the radioactive label 35S were inside the cells and the radioactive label 32P were outside the cells?arrow_forward
- Usually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration. However, a particular bacterial mutation makes tryptophan all the time whether or not tryptophan is present. What could explain this phenotype? A) the terminator hairpin is unable to form B) the antiterminator hairpin is unable to form C) trpE is mutated D) trpD is mutated E) trpA is mutatedarrow_forwardThe activity of restriction enzymes may produce fragments with sticky ends. Sticky ends are a) a type of endonucleases. b) dephosphorylated CpG islands. c) unpaired nucleotides. d) double breaks with blunt ends.arrow_forwardWhat are some possible reasons that researchers might be interested in identifying the gene that causes a genetic disease such as ICA? In other words, what benefits might result from this research?arrow_forward
- The idea behind PCR-based diagnostics is that a very small number of microbial genomes in a patient sample can be multiplied by PCR and more easily detected by the clinical team managing the patient’s care. Also, genetic-based diagnostics are very useful for viral infections because we don’t have biochemical tests, etc. to distinguish one virus from another (remember, viruses are metabolically inactive). However, a lot of work goes into the development of these tests. For instance, PCR requires primers that are complementary to the viral genome that is being copied. If primers are complementary to the target genome, what must scientists know to design primers that bind to the viral genome to be copied? (I mean this to be a general question; don’t look up the details of designing primers)arrow_forwardExplain the bacterial transformation experiments of Avery and his colleagues and the results they obtained?arrow_forwarda) what are restriction enzymes? b) What is the main function of restriction enzymes in nature? c) Compare and contrast the these enzymes in nature and in scientific research.arrow_forward
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