Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 4MC
Which of the following statements about mutations is False?
- a. Mutations at a given chromosomal site are rare.
- b. The genomes of most people contain some mutant alleles that are present in neither parent.
- c. Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variability.
- d. Beneficial mutations are more likely to occur when an organism’s needs change.
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Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?
Select one:
O a. During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg.
b. Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations.
O c. Genes correspond to segments of DNA.
d. Under normal circumstances, each chromosome contains precisely one gene.
e. Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins.
With regard to human cancer cells, which of the following statements is true?
A. Cancer cells within one tumor usually do not share common mutations
B. Cancer cells generally have lost the ability to divide
C. Oncogenes are non-human genes not related to normal genes in the human genome
D. Mutations in DNA repair genes result in an increased chance of getting cancer.
Are the following examples a description of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organismal, or populational level?
A. People with cystic fibrosis have lung problems due to a buildup of mucus in their lungs
B. The mutant CF gene encodes a chloride transporter that doesn't
transport chloride ions very well.
C. A defect in the chloride transporter causes a salt imbalance in lung cells.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...
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- Which of the following is true regarding understanding the results of genetic testing? A. If the test shows that you have the allele for a genetic disorder, you may be able to reduce your risk of developing that disorder with lifestyle changes. B. If the test shows that you have the allele for a genetic disorder, you will, eventually, show symptoms of that disorder. C. Because we know the functions of all the genes in the human genome, genetic tests can give you complete and accurate information regarding your medical health. D. If the test shows that you do not carry the allele for a particular disorder, there is no chance that you will get that disorder.arrow_forwardUsually, the mutant alleles studied in Drosophila experiments are recessive because: A. they are difficult to create. B. they are loss of function mutations. C. they do not survive as long as dominant alleles. D. they do not occur in wild-type flies.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about the effects of mutations in somatic cells and gametes? A. Only mutations in gametes can affect future generations. B. Only mutations in somatic cells can affect future generations. C. Neither mutations in somatic cells or gametes can affect future generations. D. Mutations in both somatic cells and gametes can affect future generations.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the differential expression of human genes is correct? A. Differential expression does not occur during embryogenesis (development of the embryo). B. The unused genes in differentiated cells no longer retain the potential to be expressed. C. Gene expression patterns of all cells are identical. D. Every cell nucleus contains the complete genome established in the fertilized egg.arrow_forwardIn general, all mutations can be considered harmful, because most genetic systems are already optimized to work correctly and efficiently. A. True b. False; mutations are considered harmful only if they have a direct effect on the ability of cells to synthesize DNA c. False; some mutations are harmful, and some are considered beneficialarrow_forwardMost of the genetic information we will get from our genome will not be hard evidence that we will or we won’t get a disease but is rather only probabilistic evidence. a. What does this mean? b. Why might knowing a single gene not tell you if you will get a particular condition?arrow_forward
- The basic units of information that encode the proteins needed to grow and function as a living organism are called: Select one: a. Chromosomes O b. Genes c. Mutations O d. Cells O e. Mendel's postulatesarrow_forwardWhen using gene therapy to treat an hereditary disease, the idea is to: A. Introduce the correct gene into the patient's DNA B. Inject the patient with a specific protein to cure the disease. C. Blood transfusions from healthy individuals. D. ntroduce mRNA molecules with the correct genetic information to the patient. E. Introduce a virus to the patient that will specifically destroy mutated cells.arrow_forwardOne unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a single gene can be responsible for multiple distinct disorders. How do you think mutations in a single gene can have such diverse effects?arrow_forward
- Which statement(s) below regarding DNA mutations is true: A. Mutations only occur in genes B. Mutations always result in phenotypic alterations C. Mutations are only induced by extrinsic (environmental) factors D. Mutations can occur in promoters E. Point mutations can be caused by transposons or “jumping genes”arrow_forwardFor gain-of-function disorders, which of the following treatment strategies is the be . A. Gene augmentation B.Supply healthy cells . C.Supply normal form of proteins encoded by wild-type allele . D. Gene silencingarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about molecular markersare true?A. All molecular markers are segments of DNA that carryspecific genes.B. A molecular marker is a segment of DNA that is found at aspecific location in a genome.C. We can follow the transmission of a molecular marker byanalyzing the phenotype (i.e., the physical characteristics)of offspring.D. We can follow the transmission of molecular markers usingmolecular techniques such as gel electrophoresis.E. An STS is a molecular marker.arrow_forward
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