Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
bartleby

Concept explainers

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 16, Problem 21RQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

The comparison between nerve cell death (in Alzheimer’s disease) and the onset of diabetes mellitus.

Introduction:

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible brain disorder, which causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. It usually appears in old age(people around mid-60s). Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the amount of sugar increases in the blood because of an insufficient amount of insulin released by the body.

Blurred answer
Students have asked these similar questions
The carbon-nitrogen peptide bond is rigid, but rotation can take place about the bond between the nitrogen and α-carbon atoms and the bond between the α-carbon and the carbonyl carbon atom. These bond angles define the conformation of the peptide chain. Consider the Ramachandran plot shown to answer both questions. (degrees) 180 120 60 60 0 Which observation most likely describes part of an observed a helix? p=-59 degrees; = +150 degrees; many Ser residues cp-140 degrees; w = +130 degrees; many Val residues op-57 degrees; w = -47 degrees; many Pro residues op-60 degrees; y = -47 degrees; many Ala residues p = +60 degrees; y = +40 degrees; many Gly residues -60 -120 -180 -180 0 ➜ (degrees) 180
The α and ẞ subunits of hemoglobin bear a remarkable structural similarity to myoglobin. However, certain residues that are hydrophilic in myoglobin are hydrophobic in the subunits of hemoglobin. Why might this be the case? Hemoglobin forms long, extended structures that feature repeated sequences, whereas myoglobin forms globular structures. Hydrophobic residues on the surface of hemoglobin subunits interact with similar regions on the other subunits through van der Waals interactions. Hydrophilic residues on the surface of myoglobin form ionic interactions with similar regions on other myoglobin molecules. Myoglobin is a water-soluble protein, whereas hemoglobin is found in the hydrophobic environment of membranes.
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a protein folding enzyme that catalyzes disulfide-sulfhydryl exchange reactions. Ribonuclease is an enzyme with two ẞ-sheets, three α-helices, and four disulfide bridges critical to the stability of its structure. PDI rapidly converts inactive, scrambled ribonuclease to enzymatically active ribonuclease. This process is driven by the decrease in free energy as the scrambled conformations are converted into the stable, active conformation of the enzyme. In contrast, PDI rapidly inactivates insulin. What does PDI's effect on insulin imply about the structure of insulin? The three-dimensional shape of insulin does not contain any disulfide bonds. The active conformation of insulin has more ẞ-sheets than α-helices. The active conformation of insulin is not the most thermodynamically preferred form. The amino acid sequence of insulin is similar to the amino acid sequence of ribonuclease.

Chapter 16 Solutions

Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life

Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Biochemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Essentials Of Human Development
Biology
ISBN:9781285647357
Author:Kail
Publisher:Cengage
Text book image
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337711067
Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol
Nursing
ISBN:9781305143531
Author:CURREN
Publisher:Cengage
Text book image
Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist
Biology
ISBN:9781337512442
Author:RICE
Publisher:Cengage
Text book image
Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6E
Biology
ISBN:9781133893943
Author:ESTRIDGE
Publisher:Cengage