Chapter 16, Problem 16A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Four strong acids and their dissociation reactions has to be mentioned.

Concept introduction: A very simple definition of acid is that any substance which furnishes ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions when added to ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ can be put into a class of acid. On the counterpart if any substance accepts ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions when added to ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ , can be classified as base.

Answer to Problem 16A

Four strong acids are : ${\text{HCl,H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4,\text{HI}$ and ${\text{HNO}}_3$ Their dissociation reactions are:

  $\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+S{O}_4^{2-}\left(aq\right)$

  $\text{HI}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{I}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

  ${\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{NO}}_3^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Strong acids furnish ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ions with a conjugate base predominantly in water. They show dissociation as follows:

  $\text{HA}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{A}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Where,

• $\text{HA}$ and ${\text{A}}^{-}$ is acid-conjugate base pair.
• ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ and ${\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}$ is base- conjugate pair.

Conclusion

Four strong acid are : ${\text{HCl,H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4,\text{HI}$ and ${\text{HNO}}_3$ Their dissociation reactions are:

  $\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+S{O}_4^{2-}\left(aq\right)$

  $\text{HI}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{I}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

  ${\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{NO}}_3^{-}\left(aq\right)$