Chapter 16, Problem 11STP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A buffer solution needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

The Buffer solution is the solution formed by mixing the weak acid with a conjugate base or vice versa.

Answer to Problem 11STP

By mixing the weak acid with a conjugate base or weak base with conjugate acid, a solution is formed which is known as a buffer solution.

Explanation of Solution

A buffer solution is an aqueous solution that contains the weak acid with a conjugate base or weak base with conjugated acid. The pH value of that type of solution is little changes by the addition of strong acid or base to the solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that makes up a buffered solution needs to be described.

Concept Introduction :

By the addition of strong acid or base to the solution, their pH value remains the same this type of solution is said to be a buffer solution.

Answer to Problem 11STP

For acidic buffer solution: when a weak acid reacts with one if its salt is called acidic buffer solutions.

For Alkaline buffer solutions: that solution in which a weak base reacts with one if it’s salt, is said to be an alkaline buffer solution.

Explanation of Solution

Acidic buffer solutions are those solutions whose pH value is less than 7 and they are formed by the reaction of a weak acid with one of its salt. Similarly, an alkaline buffer solution is formed by the reaction of a weak base with one of its ions and their pH value is greater than 7.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The working of a buffer solution needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

By the addition of strong acid or base to the solution, their pH value remains the same this type of solution is said to be a buffer solution.

Answer to Problem 11STP

A buffer solution is work by treating the solution with an acid or base to maintain the pH value of the solution.

Explanation of Solution

In a buffer solution, the strong acid is replaced by the weak one but the pH value is maintained. The pH value of the solution is maintained by neutralizing the added acid or base.