Chapter 16, Problem 11A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When ammonia reacts with water then it behaves as a base is to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

A base is a compound that gives hydroxide ion when dissolved in water.

Answer to Problem 11A

When ammonia dissolved in water then it produces ammonium ion and hydroxide ion.

  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

According to the reaction,

  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

When ammonia is dissolved with water then it gives ammonium ion and hydroxide ion by receiving the hydrogen ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ ion dissolved in water, how it behaves as a base to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

The Base is that compound which gives hydroxide ion o dissolving in water

Answer to Problem 11A

When ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ ion reacts with water, then it forms hydroxide ion which is given in the reaction

  ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\to {\text{2OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

According to reaction,

  ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\to {\text{2OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

When ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ dissolved in water then it acquires the hydrogen ion from water and then forms the hydroxide ion

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

On dissolving in water, how amines ion behaves as the base, needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Bases are those compounds which give hydroxide ions on dissolving in water.

Answer to Problem 11A

The reaction which represents the base behavior of amines ion is

  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\to {\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction that shows, the given species is a base

  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\to {\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

In this, the amines ion acquires the hydrogen from the water molecule and form hydroxide ion and ammonia.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The fluoride ion behaves as the base on dissolving in water that fact is to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Bases are those compounds which give hydroxide ions on dissolving in water.

Answer to Problem 11A

The reaction which represents the base behavior of amines ion is

  ${\text{F}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons \text{HF}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

When fluoride ion is dissolved in water then it accepts the hydrogen from the water molecule and forms hydrofluoric and hydroxide ion which is given in the below reaction.

  ${\text{F}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons \text{HF}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$