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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Lactic acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the
(b)
Interpretation:
Glutaric acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.
(c)
Interpretation:
Valeric acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.
(d)
Interpretation:
Pyruvic acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
General, Organic, And Biological Chemistry, Hybrid (with Owlv2 Quick Prep For General Chemistry Printed Access Card)
- I need help working this problem out step by step, I was trying to use my example from the txt book but all I know how to do is set it up. I need to be shown step by step as I am a visual learner. Please help me.arrow_forwardDon't used hand raitingarrow_forwardDon't used Ai solution and don't used hand raitingarrow_forward
- & Calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion (A combH) of 1.80 g of pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH; 88.1 g mol-1) at 37 °C when they are combusted in a calorimeter at constant volume with a calorimeter constant = 1.62 kJ °C-1 and the temperature rose by 1.55 °C. Given: R = 8.314 J mol −1 °C-1 and the combustion reaction: AN C3H4O3 + 2.502(g) → 3CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)arrow_forwardAn unknown salt, AB, has the following precipitation reaction:A+(aq) + B-(aq) ⇌ AB(s) the K value for this reaction is 4.50 x10-6. Draw a model that represents what will happen when 1.00 L each of 1.00 M solution of A+(aq) and 1.00M solution of B-(aq) are combined.arrow_forward5. a) Use the rules in Example 4.4 (p. 99) and calculate sizes of octahedral and tetrahedral cavities in titanium and in zirconium. Use values for atomic radii given in Fig. 9.1 (p.291). (3 points) b) Consider the formation of carbides (MC) of these metals. Which metal is able to accommodate carbon atoms better, and which cavities (octahedral or tetrahedral) would be better suited to accommodate C atoms into metal's lattice? (4 points)arrow_forward
- 2. Read paragraph 3.4 in your textbook ("Chiral Molecules"), and explain if Cobalt(ethylenediamine) 33+ shown in previous problem is a chiral species. If yes, draw projections of both enantiomers as mirror images, analogous to mirror projections of hands (below). Mirror (4 points)arrow_forward3. Borane (BH3) belongs to D3h point group. Consider the vibrational (stretching) modes possible for B-H bonds under D3h symmetry. Using the methods we used in class, construct the reducible representation I, and break it down into irreducible representations using the character table provided. Sketch those modes, indicate whether they are IR-active. (6 points) D3h E 2C3 3C2 σh 283 30% A₁' 1 1 1 1 1 1 x² + y², z² 1 -1 1 1 -1 R₂ E' 2 0 2 0 (x, y) (x² - y², xy) " A₁" 1 1 -1 A2" 1 -1 -1 1 Z E" 2 -1 0 -2 1 0 (Ry, Ry) (xz, yz)arrow_forward1. List all the symmetry elements, and assign the compounds to proper point groups: a) HCIBrC-BrCIH Cl Br H (2 points) H Br b) Pentacarbonylmanganese(I)bromide Br OEC-Mn-CEO 00- c) Phenazine (aromatic molecule, with delocalized bonding) 1 d) Cobalt(ethylenediamine)33+ (just the cation) 3+ H₂N H₂ .NH2 (CI)3 NH2 H2 H₂N. (2 points) (2 points) (2 points)arrow_forward
- Hello, I desperately need help figuring out 8-14; I also wanted to see if you would mind letting me know if I picked the right degree as my melting points on the two graphs. Please and thank you in advance! All the information is provided.arrow_forwardThe reaction: A + B ⇌ 2 C, can be represented by the equilibrium expression, KC =[C]2[A][B]=258 at 520K.When 1.00 M of C was allowed to reach equilibrium and 0.055 M of A was formed. If this reaction wasperformed at the same temperature using 0.500 M C, what would the equilibrium concentration of Abe?arrow_forward1. What is the functional group of an alcohol and a phenol? 2. Why are some alcohols soluble in water? 3. Classify each of the following alcohols as primary, secondary or tertiary. a. 3-pentanol b. 2-methyl-2-butanol c. 1-propanolarrow_forward
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