Chapter 16, Problem 16.16EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

• The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
• The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
• Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
• The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
• If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 16.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 4-methylpentanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a five carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is pentane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as pentanoic acid.

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a methyl group present on fourth carbon atom.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 4-methylpentanoic acid.

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 4-methylpentanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

• The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
• The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
• Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for carboxylic acid, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
• The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
• If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 16.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a five carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is pentane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as pentanoic acid.

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two methyl groups present, each on second and fourth carbon atom.  In the IUPAC name prefix “-di” has to be added before the alkyl name.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid.

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

• The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
• The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
• Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
• The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
• If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 16.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is heptanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a seven carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is heptane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as heptanoic acid.

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present on the carbon chain.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is heptanoic acid.

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is heptanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

• The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
• The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
• Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
• The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
• If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 16.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a seven carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is heptane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as heptanoic acid.

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two methyl groups present as substituents, each on third carbon atom and fifth carbon atom.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid.

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.