
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The concentration of all species in a 0.100 M
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
The equilibrium expression for the reaction
Where
Diprotic and polyprotic acids:
Acids having two or more hydrogen atoms are termed as diprotic or polyprotic acids. These acids lose one proton at a time by undergoing successive ionizations.
For diprotic acids, the successive ionization constants are designated as
For triprotic acids, the successive ionization constants are designated as

Answer to Problem 16.116QP
The concentration of all species in a 0.100 M
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
The concentration of
Species of
The species that are present in
The concentration of these species will be represented as
First ionization of
Initial |
0.100 -x (0.100-x) | ||
Change | +x | +x | |
Equilibrium | x | x |
The
In this case we probably cannot say that
We obtain the quadratic equation:
The positive root is x = 0.00239 M. We have:
For the second ionization:
Initial |
0.0239 -y (0.0239-y) | ||
Change | +y | +y | |
Equilibrium | (0.0239+y) | y |
The
Thus,
For the third ionization:
Initial |
-z | ||
Change | +z | +z | |
Equilibrium | (0.0239+z) | z |
The
The equilibrium concentrations are:
The concentration of all species in a 0.100 M
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