Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Where,
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid
(a)
Answer to Problem 16.46QP
The percent ionization of given
Explanation of Solution
From the given concentrations of hydrofluoric acid solution and its
Then the percent ionization can be calculated from the obtained hydrogen ion concentration as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of
The
Assuming that x is small compared to
The percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
Therefore, the percent ionization of given
(b)
Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Where,
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid
(b)
Answer to Problem 16.46QP
The percent ionization of given
Explanation of Solution
From the given concentrations of hydrofluoric acid solution and its
Then the percent ionization can be calculated from the obtained hydrogen ion concentration as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of
The
Assuming that x is small compared to
The percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
Therefore, the percent ionization of given
(c)
Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Where,
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid
(c)
Answer to Problem 16.46QP
The percent ionization of given
Explanation of Solution
From the given concentrations of hydrofluoric acid solution and its
Then the percent ionization can be calculated from the obtained hydrogen ion concentration as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of
The
Solving the above quadratic equation,
The percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
Therefore, the percent ionization of given
(d)
Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Where,
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid
(d)
Answer to Problem 16.46QP
The percent ionization of given
Explanation of Solution
From the given concentrations of hydrofluoric acid solution and its
Then the percent ionization can be calculated from the obtained hydrogen ion concentration as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of
The
Solving the above quadratic equation,
The percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
The percent ionization of given
As the solution becomes more dilute, the percent ionization increases.
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