To arrange the given amides in decreasing order of reactivity towards acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction. Concept introduction: The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group. The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction eqaution is written as, The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15.12, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To arrange the given amides in decreasing order of reactivity towards acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction.

Concept introduction:

The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group.

The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction eqaution is written as,

The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15.12, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To arrange the given amides in decreasing order of reactivity towards acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction.

Concept introduction:

The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group.

The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction eqaution is written as,

The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15.12, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To arrange the given amides in decreasing order of reactivity towards acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction.

Concept introduction:

The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group.

The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction eqaution is written as,

The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15.12, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction