Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.11, Problem 2MQ
What are some ecological strategies that sulfur oxidizers use to compete with the spontaneous (chemical) oxidation of H2S?
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Refer to the figure. To identify the molecule that accepts CO2, Calvin and Benson manipulated the carbon fixation cycle by either cutting off CO2 or cutting off light from cultures of photosynthetic algae. They then measured the concentrations of various metabolites immediately following the manipulation. How would these experiments help identify the CO2 acceptor?
a) The CO2 acceptor concentration would decrease when either the CO2 or light is cut off.
b)The CO2 acceptor concentration would decrease when the CO2 is cut off but increase when the light is cut off.
c)The CO2 acceptor concentration would stay the same regardless of the CO2 or light.
d)The CO2 acceptor concentration would increase when either the CO2 or light is cut off.
e)The CO2 acceptor concentration would increase when the CO2 is cut off but decrease when the light is cut off.
The purple sulfur bacteria using PSII produce reducing power (i.e. NADH) during the
light reactions of photosynthesis by what process?
a) The reverse TCA cycle
b) The Calvin cycle
c) Cyclic photophosphorylation
d) Reverse electron flow
Green sulfur bacteria are able to generate which of the following inorganic product molecules during anoxygenic photosynthesis?
elemental sulfur
glucose
C6H12O6
oxygen
hydrogen sulfide
Green sulfur bacteria are able to generate which of the following inorganic product molecules during anoxygenic photosynthesis?
elemental sulfur
glucose
C6H12O6
oxygen
hydrogen sulfide
Chapter 14 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - Why is it necessary to consider microbial...Ch. 14.1 - What are three reasons that functional traits...Ch. 14.2 - What form of photosynthesis was most likely the...Ch. 14.3 - What are the differentiating properties of the...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.4 - What is the source of the purple color from which...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.5 - What are some similarities between purple...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.8 - What types of anoxygenic phototrophs contain...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.9 - What are the typical electron donors used by...Ch. 14.9 - What bacterial phyla are known to contain...Ch. 14.10 - What are the typical electron donors used by...Ch. 14.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.11 - Describe the energy and carbon metabolism of...Ch. 14.11 - What are some ecological strategies that sulfur...Ch. 14.12 - What mechanisms do free-living diazotraphs use to...Ch. 14.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.13 - Under what conditions would you expect...Ch. 14.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.14 - In what phylogenetic groups are Geobacter and...Ch. 14.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.15 - What habitat characteristics govern the diversity...Ch. 14.15 - How do aerobic neutrophilic iron-oxidizers keep...Ch. 14.16 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.17 - What is the difference between a methanotroph and...Ch. 14.17 - What is unique about the methanotroph...Ch. 14.18 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.18 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.19 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.19 - What are the different ways in which species of...Ch. 14.20 - What are the major differences between spirochetes...Ch. 14.20 - Name two diseases of humans caused by spirochetes.Ch. 14.21 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.21 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.22 - Describe how a sheathed bacterium such as...Ch. 14.22 - List two metals that are oxidized by sheathed...Ch. 14.23 - What benefit do magnetic bacteria accrue from...Ch. 14.23 - Would you expect to find greigite or magnetite in...Ch. 14.24 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.24 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14 - What is convergent evolution and how is it...Ch. 14 - Which bacterial phyla contain phototrophs?Ch. 14 - How are prochlorophytes, such as Prochlorococcus,...Ch. 14 - Compare and contrast the metabolism, morphology,...Ch. 14 - Compare and contrast the metabolism of purple...Ch. 14 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. In what group of organisms...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - In what ways is Chloracidobacterium thermophilum...Ch. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - In what ways are sulfur-reducing bacteria...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11RQCh. 14 - What are some ways that diazotrophs protect...Ch. 14 - Prob. 13RQCh. 14 - Prob. 14RQCh. 14 - Prob. 15RQCh. 14 - Prob. 16RQCh. 14 - Prob. 17RQCh. 14 - What are the differences between type I and type...Ch. 14 - Prob. 19RQCh. 14 - Compare and contrast the life cycle of Myxococcus...Ch. 14 - Contrast the motility of spirochetes with that of...Ch. 14 - Contrast the life cycle of Hyphomicrobium with...Ch. 14 - Prob. 23RQCh. 14 - In what way does a magnetosome contribute to the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 25RQCh. 14 - Describe a key physiological feature of the...Ch. 14 - APPLICATION QUESTIONS
2. Describe the metabolism...
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- At which point in the sulfur cycle does sulfur enter the food chain?arrow_forwardWhy is nitrogen fixation so energetically costly?arrow_forwardDescribe the following metabolisms (photolithoautotroph, chemolithoautotroph, chemoorganoheterotroph, and photoorganotroph) What is the carbon source for biomass for Autotrophs and Heterotrophs: What is the energy source for Chemotrophs and Phototrophs: What is the electron source for Lithotrophs and Organotrophs:arrow_forward
- Where in respiration is the most ATP produced? Group of answer choices a)electron transport chain b)Calvin cycle c)Krebs cycle d)glycolysis e)pyruvate oxidationarrow_forwardWhich of the following formulas are correct regarding productivity? (recall; GPP gross primary production, NPP = net primary production, & R = respiration) Mark only one oval. OA) GPP+R=NPP OB) GPP-R=NPP C) NPP-GPP=R D) NPP-R=GPP Plants assimilate energy through the process of which? Mark only one oval. A) decomposition. B) respiration. C) photosynthesis. V D) regeneration. Net primary productivity in an ecosystem increases as mean annual temperature... Mark only one oval. OA) and mean annual rainfall decrease. B) decreases and mean annual rainfall increases. C) increases and mean annual rainfall decreases. D) and mean annual rainfall increases. Garrow_forwardHow are nitrogen-utilizing pathways controlled by feedback inhibition?arrow_forward
- The following carbon sources can be used for nutrition, by at least some heterotrophic organisms, except: CH3COOH CH3OH CO2 CH4 HCOOHarrow_forwardThe enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide to RuBP at the beginning of the Calvin cycle is the most abundant protein on earth. It is called: A) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate B) carbon fixase C) ATP synthase D) phosphatase E) rubiscoarrow_forwardWhat is the step by step procedure of Biological conversion of biomass (especially agricultural wastes) in order to procuce energy (bioenergy)?arrow_forward
- 39) Where does the Calvin cycle take place? A) stroma of the chloroplast B) thylakoid membrane C) chlorophyll molecule D) outer membrane of the chloroplast 40) What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle? A) split uearrow_forwardWhich of these are valid sulfur cycle pathways? Sedimentation of thiosulfates Anoxic emission of sulfides Atmospheric S6 deposition O Elemental sulfur oxidation by Thiobacillus Mineralization of organic and inorganic sulfates O co2 photochemolithotrophic fixation by anaerobic bacteria Mineral formation from reduced sulfidesarrow_forwardThe oxidation of NADH to NAD+ requires transferring electrons from it onto something else. What are characteristics the ideal recipient would have? What is the recipient actually used? What does it turn into as electrons are added to it?arrow_forward
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