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Interpretation:
For the given set of statements it should be identified that whether they are incorrect and the false the statements are should be corrected.
Concept introduction:
The rate of a reaction is defined by the change in concentration of substrate (reactant) or target (product) with change in time.
Collision theory: The rate for the reaction is predicted by using collisions theory. In order to form bond the atoms present in the reactants should collide each other for the bond formation.
Rate law: It is generally the rate equation that consists of the
Rate determining step: In a
Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.
Rate constant: The rate constant for a chemical reaction is the proportionality term in the chemical reaction rate law which gives the relationship between the rate and the concentration of the reactant present in the chemical reaction.
Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of the reaction without participating in the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- . Account for the increase in reaction rate brought about by a catalyst.arrow_forwardBy which of the following mechanisms does a catalyst operate? a. It decreases the activation energy barrier for a reaction. b. It serves as a reactant and is consumed. c. It increases the temperature of a reaction. d. It increases the concentration of reactants.arrow_forward(Section 11-5) A rule of thumb is that for a typical reaction, if concentrations are unchanged, a 10-K rise in temperature increases the reaction rate by two to four times. Use an average increase of three times to answer the questions below. (a) What is the approximate activation energy of a typical chemical reaction at 298 K? (b) If a catalyst increases a chemical reactions rate by providing a mechanism that has a lower activation energy, then what change do you expect a 10-K increase in temperature to make in the rate of a reaction whose uncatalyzed activation energy of 75 kJ/mol has been lowered to one half this value (at 298 K) by addition of a catalyst?arrow_forward
- Consider a reaction in which E a=129 kJ and H=29 kJ. In the presence of a catalyst, the activation energy is 48% of the uncatalyzed reaction. Follow the directions in Question 71 in drawing an energy diagram.arrow_forwardGive at least two physical properties that might be used to determine the rate of a reaction.arrow_forwardIf a textbook defined a catalyst as "a substance that increases the rate of a reaction," would that definition be adequate?arrow_forward
- Bacteria cause milk to go sour by generating lactic acid. Devise an experiment that could measure the activation energy for the production of lactic acid by bacteria in milk. Describe how your experiment will provide the information you need to determine this value. What assumptions must be made about this reaction?arrow_forwardWhich reaction mechanism assumptions are unimportant in describing simple ionic reactions between cations and anions? Why?arrow_forwardConsider the following statements: In general, the rate of a chemical reaction increases a bit at first because it takes a while for the reaction to get warmed up. After that, however, the rate of the reaction decreases because its rate is dependent on the concentrations of the reactants, and these are decreasing. Indicate everything that is correct in these statements, and indicate everything that is incorrect. Correct the incorrect statements and explain.arrow_forward
- The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?arrow_forwardA reaction is started by mixing reactants. As time passes, the rate decreases. Explain this behavior that is characteristic of most reactions.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
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