(a)
Interpretation: The molarity of each of the elementary reactions should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Molecularity: It is defined as the number of reacting species involved in a
(b)
Interpretation: Rate equation of the reaction should be determined and decided whether it agrees with the given mechanism.
Concept introduction:
Rate law or rate equation: Rate law:
It is generally the rate equation that consists of the reaction rate with the concentration or the pressures of the reactants and constant parameters.
Rate constant, k: The rate constant for a chemical reaction is the proportionality term in the chemical reaction rate law which gives the relationship between the rate and the concentration of the reactant present in the chemical reaction.
(c)
Interpretation: The concentration of the product should be determined after
Concept introduction:
Rate law or rate equation: Rate law:
It is generally the rate equation that consists of the reaction rate with the concentration or the pressures of the reactants and constant parameters.
The integrated rate law for the first order is as follows:
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. CIO(g) + O3(g) -> Cl(g) +202(g) AHxn = -122.8 kJ (1) (2) 203(g) - - 302(g) AHxn=-285.3 kJ (3) 03(g) + Cl(g) - CIO(g) + O2(g) AHixn= ? AHixn= kJarrow_forwardThe 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)Δ?∘rxn=−122.8 kJ (2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)Δ?∘rxn=−285.3 kJ (3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) Δ?∘rxn= ?arrow_forwardThe 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)ΔH∘rxn=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)ΔH∘rxn=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) ΔH∘rxn= ?(1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) ΔHrxn°= ? ΔH∘rxn=ΔHrxn°=__________________________________________kJarrow_forward
- 3. Is the reaction Co(H2O)6²+(aq) + 4 Cl'(aq) → CoCl,²- (aq) + 6 H2O (I) endo or exothermic? Explain.arrow_forwardThe molecular weight of sperm whale myoglobin is 17.8 kDa.17.8 kDa. The myoglobin content of sperm whale muscle is about 80 g · kg−1.80 g · kg−1. In contrast, the myoglobin content of some human muscles is about 8 g · kg−1.8 g · kg−1. Compare the amounts of O2O2 bound to myoglobin in human muscle and in sperm whale muscle. Assume that the myoglobin is saturated with O2,O2, and that the molecular weights of human and sperm whale myoglobin are the same. How much O2O2 is bound to myoglobin in human muscle? How much O2O2 is bound to myoglobin in whale muscle? The amount of oxygen dissolved in tissue water at 37°C37°C is about 3.5×10−5 M.3.5×10−5 M. What is the ratio of myoglobin‑bound oxygen to dissolved oxygen in the tissue water of sperm whale muscle?arrow_forwardMy quiz timed out and I was unable to answer the first question in time. I was also unable to answer the second correctly. This concept confuses me quite a lot and I'm not sure how to solve it in a step-by step processarrow_forward
- How can pure Mg be obtained from MgCl2? inorganic chemistryarrow_forwardExplain why the bond between B and Cl in the molecule BCl3 is shorter than would be expected for a single B—Cl bond.arrow_forwardIn 1995, Mario Molina, Paul Crutzen, and F. SherwoodRowland shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work onatmospheric chemistry. One of several reaction sequences pro-posed for the role of chlorine in the decomposition of strato-spheric ozone is (1) Cl(g) +O3(g)→ ClO(g) +O₂(g) (2) ClO(g) +ClO(g)→ Cl₂O₂(g) (3) Cl₂O₂→ (g)2Cl(g)+ O₂(g).Over the tropics, O atoms are more common in the stratosphere:(4) ClO(g) +O(g)→ Cl(g) +O₂(g).(a) Which, if any, of these are oxidation-reduction reactions?(b) Write an overall equation combining reactions 1–3arrow_forward
- SOLVE THE FOLLOWING CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS. 1. The conversion of oxygen gas to ozone can be catalyzed by the pollutant, nitrogen monoxide gas in the air. Suggest a possible mechanism for this reaction if nitrogen dioxide gas and oxygen free radicals are known to be formed as the intermediate compounds. 2. The reaction between peroxodisulphate (VI) ions, S2O82-and iodide ions, I- can be catalyzed by iron(III) ions, Fe3+. a). Suggest a mechanism for the catalytic reaction. b) Sketch an energy profile diagram for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions. 3. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water is an exothermic reaction and is catalyzed by manganese dioxide. Sketch the energy profile for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.arrow_forwardWrite the name of three steps of free-radical halogenation of methane?arrow_forwardcalculate the reaction energy of the following reactions and then determine if they are endothermic or exothermic: H2 + Cl2 => 2HClarrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning