Chemical Principles
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305581982
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 27E
Biacetyl and acetoin are added to margarine to make it taste more like butter.
Complete the Lewis structures, predict values for all
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Draw the Lewis dot structure for acetic acid (HC2H3O2, CH3COOH). Determine the optimum formal charge structure. Determine the VSEPR domain and molecular geometries for the central carbon atoms. Determine the hybridization of the carbons and oxygens. Determine the polarity of the molecule; show the polarity arrows and partial charges for the molecule. (Electronegativities: H 2.1,C 2.5, O 3.5)
Many important compounds in the chemical industry are derivatives of ethylene(C2H4). two of them are acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate.AcrylonitrileMethyl methacrylateComplete the Lewis structures, showing all lone pairs. Give approximate values forbond angles a through f Give the hybridization of all carbon atoms. In acrylonitrile,how many of the atoms in the molecule must lie in the same plane? How many σbonds and how many π bonds are there in methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile?
For the following descriptions of molecules, draw the Lewis structure (showing all
atoms, lone pairs, formal charges) of the molecule and show all bond angles
(assuming ideal VSEPR angles).
An organic compound with the molecular formula H3CNO2. C is sp2
hybridized, N is sp3 hybridized, one O is sp² hybridized, while the second O is sp3
hybridized.
An organic compound with the molecular formula H2CNO*. Both C
and O are sp hybridized while N is sp³ hybridized.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemical Principles
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1DQCh. 14 - Prob. 2DQCh. 14 - Prob. 3DQCh. 14 - Prob. 4DQCh. 14 - Prob. 5DQCh. 14 - Prob. 6DQCh. 14 - Compare and contrast the MO model with the LE...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8DQCh. 14 - Prob. 9ECh. 14 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 14 - Prob. 11ECh. 14 - Prob. 12ECh. 14 - Prob. 13ECh. 14 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15ECh. 14 - Use the LE model to describe the bonding in H2CO...Ch. 14 - Prob. 17ECh. 14 - The space-filling models of hydrogen cyanide and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 19ECh. 14 - Prob. 20ECh. 14 - Prob. 21ECh. 14 - Indigo is the dye used in coloring blue jeans. The...Ch. 14 - Prob. 23ECh. 14 - Prob. 24ECh. 14 - Why must all six atoms in C2H4 be in the same...Ch. 14 - The allene molecule has the following Lewis...Ch. 14 - Biacetyl and acetoin are added to margarine to...Ch. 14 - Many important compounds in the chemical industry...Ch. 14 - Prob. 29ECh. 14 - Hot and spicy foods contain molecules that...Ch. 14 - Two molecules used in the polymer industry are...Ch. 14 - Prob. 32ECh. 14 - The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon...Ch. 14 - Prob. 34ECh. 14 - Prob. 35ECh. 14 - What are the relationships among bond order, bond...Ch. 14 - Prob. 37ECh. 14 - A Lewis structure obeying the octet rule can be...Ch. 14 - Prob. 39ECh. 14 - Why does the molecular orbital model do a better...Ch. 14 - Prob. 41ECh. 14 - Prob. 42ECh. 14 - Prob. 43ECh. 14 - In which of the following diatomic molecules would...Ch. 14 - Prob. 45ECh. 14 - Using the molecular orbital model to describe the...Ch. 14 - The transport of O2 in the blood is carried out by...Ch. 14 - Prob. 48ECh. 14 - Prob. 49ECh. 14 - Consider the following electron configuration:...Ch. 14 - Prob. 51ECh. 14 - Using an MO energy-level diagram, would you expect...Ch. 14 - Use Figs.14.45 and 14.46 to answer the following...Ch. 14 - The diatomic molecule OH exists in the gas phase....Ch. 14 - Prob. 55ECh. 14 - Describe the bonding in the O3 molecule and the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 57ECh. 14 - The space-filling model for benzoic acid is shown...Ch. 14 - Prob. 59ECh. 14 - Prob. 60ECh. 14 - The microwave spectrum of 12C16O shows that the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 62ECh. 14 - Prob. 63ECh. 14 - Prob. 64ECh. 14 - Draw the Lewis structures, predict the molecular...Ch. 14 - Prob. 66AECh. 14 - Prob. 67AECh. 14 - Prob. 68AECh. 14 - Prob. 69AECh. 14 - Prob. 70AECh. 14 - Prob. 71AECh. 14 - Prob. 72AECh. 14 - Prob. 73AECh. 14 - Vitamin B6 is an organic compound whose deficiency...Ch. 14 - Prob. 75AECh. 14 - Prob. 76AECh. 14 - Prob. 77AECh. 14 - Prob. 78AECh. 14 - Prob. 79AECh. 14 - Draw the Lewis structures for TeCl4 , ICl5 , PCl5...Ch. 14 - Prob. 81AECh. 14 - Pelargondin is the molecule responsible for the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 83AECh. 14 - Prob. 84AECh. 14 - Prob. 85AECh. 14 - Prob. 86AECh. 14 - Given that the ionization energy of F2 is...Ch. 14 - Bond energy has been defined in the text as the...Ch. 14 - a.A flask containing gaseous N2 is irradiated with...Ch. 14 - Use the MO model to determine which of the...Ch. 14 - Cholesterol (C27H46O) has the following structure:...Ch. 14 - Arrange the following from lowest to highest...Ch. 14 - Carbon monoxide (CO) forms bonds to a variety of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 94CPCh. 14 - In Exercise71 in Chapter13 , the Lewis structures...Ch. 14 - Prob. 96CPCh. 14 - Prob. 97CPCh. 14 - Prob. 98MP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Gamma hydroxybutyric acid, GHB, infamous as a date rape drug, is used illicitly because of its effects on the nervous system. The condensed molecular formula for GHB is HO(CH2)3COOH. (a) Write the Lewis structure for GHB. (b) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atom in the CH2 groups and of the terminal carbon. (c) Is hydrogen bonding possible in GHB? If so, write Lewis structures to illustrate the hydrogen bonding. (d) Which carbon atoms are involved in sigma bonds? In pi bonds? (e) Which oxygen atom is involved in sigma bonds? In pi bonds?arrow_forwardUse the VSEPR model to predict the bond angles around each central atom in the following Lewis structures (benzene rings are frequently pictured as hexagons, without the letter for the carbon atom at each vertex). Note that the drawings do not necessarily depict the bond angles correctly.arrow_forwardCalcium cyanamide, CaNCN, is used both to kill weeds and as a fertilizer. Give the Lewis structure of the NCN2 ion and the bonded-atom lone-pair arrangement and hybridization of the carbon atom.arrow_forward
- Formamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.arrow_forwardThe structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is shown below. (Replacing one H atom on the NH2, or amino, group with CH3 gives methamphetamine a particularly dangerous drug commonly known as speed.) (a) What are the hybrid orbitals used by the C atoms of the C6 ring. by the C atoms of the side chain, and by the N atom? (b) Give approximate values for the bond angles A, B, and C. (c) How many bonds and bonds are in the molerule? (d) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (e) Amphetamine reacts readily with a proton (H+) in aqueous solution. Where does this proton attach to the molecule? Explain how the electrostatic potential map predicts this site of protonation.arrow_forwardThe sulfamate ion, H2NSO3, can be thought of as having been formed from the amide ion, NH2, and sulphur trioxide, SO3. (a) What are the electron-pair and molecular geometries or the amide ion and or SO3? What are the hybridizations of the N and S atoms, respectively? (b) Sketch a structure for the sulfamate ion, and estimate the bond angles. (c) What changes in hybridization do you expect for N and S in the course of the reaction NH2 + SO3 H2NSO3? (d) Is SO3 the donor of an electron pair or the acceptor of an electron pair in the reaction with amide ion? Does the electrostatic potential map shown below confirm your prediction?arrow_forward
- Identify the type of hybridization, approximate bond angles for the N, C, and O atoms, and shortest carbon-to-oxygen bond length in alanine, an amino acid, whose Lewis structure isarrow_forwardThe hybridization of the two carbon atoms differs in an acetic acid, CH3COOH, molecule. (a) Designate the correct hybridization for each carbon atom in this molecule. (b) What is the approximate bond angle around each carbon?arrow_forwardDescribe the hybrid orbitals used by the carbon atom inN=C-Cl. Predict the geometry of the molecule.arrow_forward
- 2a) The molecule ethene (or ethylene), which has the molecular formula C₂H4, contains two carbon atoms with planar geometry. Construct a model of ethene by first connecting two black balls with two springs. Use four short sticks and four yellow balls to complete the structure. Sketch a perspective representation (a three dimensional drawing) of the structure. 2b) What is the C=C-H bond angle in ethene?arrow_forwardGive the (a) bond order and (b) hybridization state of each carbon atom of propadiene, H2CCCH2.arrow_forwardA student investigates the physical and chemical properties of various carbon-containing compounds. The complete Lewis electron-dot diagrams and boiling points for two compounds, Q and X are shown in the following table. Identify the hybridization of the valence orbitals of the carbon atom in compound X that is indicated by the arrow in the diagram. The C-H bonds in compound Q are shorter than the C-C bonds in compound X. Explain the reason for this difference using principles of atomic structure. For each compound, list all intermolecular forces present. Q = X =arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY