Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified. Concept introduction: Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body. The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH 2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Part II. two unbranched ketone have molecular formulla (C8H100). El-ms showed that both of them have a molecular ion peak at m/2 =128. However ketone (A) has a fragment peak at m/2 = 99 and 72 while ketone (B) snowed a fragment peak at m/2 = 113 and 58. 9) Propose the most plausible structures for both ketones b) Explain how you arrived at your conclusion by drawing the Structures of the distinguishing fragments for each ketone, including their fragmentation mechanisms.

Part V. Draw the structure of compound tecla using the IR spectrum Cobtained from the compound in KBr pellet) and the mass spectrum as shown below. The mass spectrum of compound Tesla showed strong mt peak at 71. TRANSMITTANCE LOD Relative Intensity 100 MS-NW-1539 40 20 80 T 44 55 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 m/z D 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 HAVENUMBERI-11

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound ketoacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound acetoacetate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acetyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acetyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acetyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound hydroxyacyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, or (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 14.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 14.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 14.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 14.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 14.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 14.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author explains that ketoacyl CoA is associated with the -oxidation pathway and ketogenesis.

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