Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined. Concept introduction: Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Question

Synthesize 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetonitrile from phenylmethanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 14, Problem 14.72EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether β-hydroxybutyrate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Synthesize 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetonitrile from phenylmethanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.

Synthesize N-Methylcyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 14, Problem 14.72EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether β-hydroxybutyrate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 14, Problem 14.72EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether β-hydroxybutyrate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 14, Problem 14.72EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether β-hydroxybutyrate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.72EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether β-hydroxybutyrate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.72EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.72EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetyl CoA is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether acetoacetate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether β-hydroxybutyrate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether β-hydroxybutyrate is (1) a reactant but not a product, (2) a product but not a reactant, or (3) a reactant in one step and a product in another step in ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketogenesis involves 4 reaction steps. The first and second step involves condensation, the third step is chain cleavage, and the fourth step is hydrogenation. The molecules formed at the end of each reaction step have a different carbon chain length.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 17

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 18

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 19

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 20

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 21

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 22

Trending now

Answer 23

This is a popular solution!

Answer 24

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 25

Ch. 14.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 14.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 14.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 14.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 14.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 14.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author explains that acetoacetyl CoA is a reactant and product in ketogenesis.

Concept explainers

Chapter 14 Solutions