Chapter 14, Problem 14.54SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given group of compound has to be arranged in order of increasing acid strength.

Concept Introduction:

For binary acids, the element present in the same group of periodic table, strength of $\text{H-A}$ bond is important to determine an acidity.  $\text{H-A}$ bond strength decreases down a group because of overlapping between $\text{1s}$ orbital of the Hydrogen atom and more diffusion, larger $p$ orbital of $\text{A}$ atom increases the strength if an acid and so decreases with increasing size of the element.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given group of compound has to be arranged in order of increasing acid strength.

Concept Introduction:

For binary acids, the element present in the same group of periodic table, strength of $\text{H-A}$ bond is important to determine an acidity.  $\text{H-A}$ bond strength decreases down a group because of overlapping between $\text{1s}$ orbital of the Hydrogen atom and more diffusion, larger $p$ orbital of $\text{A}$  atom increases the strength if an acid and so decreases with increasing size of the element.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given group of compound has to be arranged in order of increasing acid strength.

Concept Introduction:

Oxoacids have general formula is ${\text{H}}_{\text{n}}{\text{YO}}_{\text{m}}$, where Y is non-metallic atom ($\text{C,}\text{N,}\text{S and Cl}$) and n, m are integers.  Y is always bonded to one or more $\text{OH}$ group.  Strength of an acid increases with increasing electronegativity of Y and sometimes strength of an acid increases with increasing number of Oxygen atoms.