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Write equations to show how the following conversions can be achieved. More
than one reaction is required, and reactions from earlier chapters may be necessary.
a.
b.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
- Alcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the steps (reactants/catalysts) you would follow to carry out the conversions, drawing the formula for the organic product in each step. For each step, a major product must be produced. (See Exercise 62.) (Hint: In the presence of H+, an alcohol is converted into an alkene and water. This is the exact reverse of the reaction of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.) a. 1-butanol butane b. 1-butanol 2-butanonearrow_forwardWhat functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?arrow_forwardConsider the following reactions: a. When C6H14 is reacted with Br2(g) in the presence of ultraviolet light, four different monobromination products form. What is the structure of C6H14 in this reaction? b. When CSH10 is reacted with H2O, a tertiary alcohol is produced as the major product. What is the structure of C5H10 in this reaction? When C6H10 is reacted with HCI, 1-chloro-1-methylcyclopentane is produced as the major product. What are the two possible structures for C6H10 in this С. reaction? d. When a hydrocarbon is reacted with water and the major product of this reaction is then oxidized, cyclohexanone is produced. What is the structure of the hydrocarbon in this reaction? When C4H100 is oxidized, a carboxylic acid is produced. What are the possible е. structures for C4H100 in this reaction?arrow_forward
- 1. Dehydration: 2. Oxidation: This is a reaction where an alcohol loses a water molecule to form an alkene. For example, when ethanol is treated with an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water. ALCOHOLS In this reaction, an alcohol is converted to either a carbonyl compound or a carboxylic acid. 3. Esterification: Types of Reaction (s) For example, primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are usually not affected by oxidations 4. Substitution: The conversion of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to an ester and water, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction between methanol and acetic acid to form methyl acetate: CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O Click to add speaker notes ME Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms with another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. 1.…arrow_forwardof the product. Name the reactant and the product. a) Cy-CH-C-OH b) CHy-CH-CH-CHy c) 4. Complete the following intermolecular dehydration reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and the product. a) CH3-CHS-OH b) CH-CH-CH_-OH 5. Complete the following oxidation reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and identify the type of compound formed in the product. a) CHっ-CHュ-CH-Cs OH b) c) Co] Ho--cgCらarrow_forwardExcess bromine gas is added to ethyne. The product of this reaction is: 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane O 1,2-dibromoethene 1,1-dibromoethane O 1,2-dibromoethanearrow_forward
- What are the products of the complete combustion of 1-propanol, C,H,OH? A B C D carbon and oxygen carbon dioxide and water carbon monoxide and water carbon and hydrogenarrow_forwardWhat is the IUPAC name for the compound shown? Step I: Identify the number of carbons in the longest chain Step 2: Identify the base name of the molecule. Step 3: Number the longest chain. Step 4: Identify substituents. Step 5: Order the substituents. Step 6: Add the substituent locants or numbering. Step 7: Put it all together and give the IUPAC name. Step 4: Identify the substituents in the molecule. A. How many methyl substituents are in the compound? B. What prefix is needed for the methyl substituents? C. What are the remaining substituents? ethyl pentyl propyl butylarrow_forwardWhat is the IUPAC name for the compound shown? Step 1: Identify the number of carbons in the longest chain Step 2: Identify the base name of the molecule. Step 3: Number the longest chain. Step 4: Identify substituents. Step 5: Order the substituents. Step 6: Add the substituent locants or numbering. Step 7: Put it all together and give the IUPAC name. Step 5: Order the substituents. Since there are multiple substituents present, we must next consider the order the substituents in the name. The substituent order should be methyl, ethyl, followed by propyl ethyl, propyl, followed by trimethyl trimethyl, ethyl followed by propyl O ethyl, trimethyl, followed by propylarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
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