Chapter 13.13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of three products formed from reaction of toluene with ${\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{FeCl}}_{\text{3}}$ and their IUPAC name should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The electrophilic substitution reactions are the most common reactions of aromatic compounds. It involves the substitution of one of the H atom of aromatic ring with electrophile. It leads to the formation of arenium ion as an intermediate which immediately lose hydrogen ion to form the substituted product.

These reactions occur in the presence of certain catalyst like ${\text{FeCl}}_{\text{3}}$ for halogenation, ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ for nitration, ${\mathrm{AlCl}}_3$ for alkylation and acylation. These catalysts involve in the formation of electrophile which further react with benzene ring to form substituted product.