Chapter 13, Problem 5Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given resonance structure thataccount for the lack of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reactivity of vinyl chloride is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ is abimolecular substitution reaction and is also called a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Theorder of the reaction is two. The rate of reaction depends on rate of both the attacking nucleophile and the reactant.

In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction, one bond is broken and one bond is formed. In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction, the nucleophile attacks the less steric hinderance carbon. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction gives inversion.

In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction, the nucleophile attacks the carbon which contains leaving groups. The nucleophile replaces the leaving group donating electron pairs to form a new bond.