Chapter 13, Problem 3STP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct sequence of increasing order of average kinetic energy for the different states of methanol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. It is feasible to understand why they have different qualities by looking at the way their particles are arranged.

Answer to Problem 3STP

Option (d)

Explanation of Solution

Solids typically cannot be compressed or squashed because the particles are so closely spaced. The particles are held in place and together by forces of attraction.

In solids, the particles are arranged in a coordinated manner. Solids' constituent particles can only move by vibrating about a fixed axis. As a result, solids have a fixed structure and are unable to flow like liquids. Particles in liquids are less closely packed than they are in solids.

The physical state of matter known as gas is characterized by its widely spaced, rapidly moving, and unorganized particle arrangement.

Thus, particles in gases have the highest kinetic energy, and the particles in the solid state have the least kinetic energy. Thus, the increasing order will be,

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{OH}\left(\text{s}\right),{\text{ CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{OH}\left(\text{l}\right),{\text{ CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{OH}\left(\text{g}\right)$

Conclusion

Reason for incorrect options

Particles in a solid state have the least kinetic energy, options (b) and (c) are incorrect.

The liquid particles are more slow-moving than the gaseous particle. Thus, they have less kinetic energy than gases. Thus, option (a) is incorrect.