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Degarmo's Materials And Processes In Manufacturing
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781119492825
Author: Black, J. Temple, Kohser, Ronald A., Author.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 17RQ
Why is it that most solidification does not begin until the temperature falls somewhat below the equilibrium melting temperature (i.e., undercooling is required)?
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2) Explain the reasons for shrinkage that occurs during solidification of a cylindrical
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What do you make for compensation of shrinkage depending on the
casting operation?
2) The region showing planar growth during
solidification near the fusion zone boundary
will exhibit
O High temperature gradient and high growth
rate
High temperature gradient and low growth rate
Low temperature gradient and high growth
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O Low temperature gradient and low growth rate
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Degarmo's Materials And Processes In Manufacturing
Ch. 13 - What are the six activities that are conducted on...Ch. 13 - What is materials processing?Ch. 13 - What are the five basic families of...Ch. 13 - Describe the capabilities of the casting process...Ch. 13 - What are some of the various mold materials and...Ch. 13 - How might the desired production quantity...Ch. 13 - Why is it important to provide a means of venting...Ch. 13 - What types of problem or defect can occur if the...Ch. 13 - Why might product removal be less of a problem...Ch. 13 - What is a casting pattern? Flask? Core? Mold...
Ch. 13 - In a horizontally parted two-part mold, what is...Ch. 13 - What are some of the components that combine to...Ch. 13 - What is a parting line or parting surface?Ch. 13 - What is draft, and why is it used?Ch. 13 - Why is it important to control the solidification...Ch. 13 - What are the two stages of solidification, and...Ch. 13 - Why is it that most solidification does not begin...Ch. 13 - Why might it be desirable to promote nucleation in...Ch. 13 - Nucleation generally begins at preferred sites...Ch. 13 - Why might directional solidification be desirable...Ch. 13 - Describe some of the key features observed in the...Ch. 13 - What is superheat?Ch. 13 - Prob. 23RQCh. 13 - What is a liquidus temperature? A solidus...Ch. 13 - What is the freezing range for a metal or alloy?Ch. 13 - Discuss the roles of casting volume and surface...Ch. 13 - What characteristics of a specific casting process...Ch. 13 - What is the correlation between cooling rate and...Ch. 13 - What is the chill zone of a casting, and why does...Ch. 13 - Which of the three regions of a cast structure is...Ch. 13 - What is dross or slag, and how can it be prevented...Ch. 13 - What are some of the possible approaches that can...Ch. 13 - What is a misrun or cold shut, and what causes...Ch. 13 - What is fluidity, and how can it be measured?Ch. 13 - What is the most important factor controlling the...Ch. 13 - What defect can form in sand castings if the...Ch. 13 - Why is it important to design the geometry of the...Ch. 13 - Why might it be preferable to attach gates to the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 39RQCh. 13 - What are some desirable features in the sprue...Ch. 13 - What is a choke, and how does its placement affect...Ch. 13 - What features can be incorporated into the gating...Ch. 13 - What are some of the materials and designs of...Ch. 13 - What factors might influence the positioning of...Ch. 13 - What features of the metal being cast tend to...Ch. 13 - What are the three stages of contraction or...Ch. 13 - Why is it more difficult to prevent shrinkage...Ch. 13 - What steps can be taken to compensate for the...Ch. 13 - During what stage of shrinkage might hot tears...Ch. 13 - What is the role of a riser?Ch. 13 - Why is it desirable to design a casting to have...Ch. 13 - What is yield, and how does it relate to the...Ch. 13 - Based on Chvorinovs rule, what would be an ideal...Ch. 13 - Define the following riser-related terms: top...Ch. 13 - What assumptions were made when using Chvorinovs...Ch. 13 - Discuss aspects relating to the connection between...Ch. 13 - What is the purpose of a chill? Of an insulating...Ch. 13 - What are some materials that are commonly used to...Ch. 13 - What types of modifications or allowances are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 60RQCh. 13 - What is the purpose of a draft or taper on pattern...Ch. 13 - Why is it desirable to make the pattern allowances...Ch. 13 - What additional adjustment or correction must be...Ch. 13 - What are some of the features of the casting...Ch. 13 - Prob. 65RQCh. 13 - What are some design recommendations for inside...Ch. 13 - What are some appearance considerations in parting...Ch. 13 - Prob. 68RQCh. 13 - Prob. 69RQCh. 13 - Using Chvorinovs rule as presented in the text...Ch. 13 - Reposition the riser in Problem 1 so that it sits...Ch. 13 - A rectangular casting having the dimensions 3 in....Ch. 13 - A cylinder with a diameter of 2.5 in. and a height...Ch. 13 - Figure 13.Ashows the wall profile of a cast iron...Ch. 13 - Investigate various experimental techniques to...Ch. 13 - Porosity within a casting can be either...Ch. 13 - The chapter text describes various materials that...Ch. 13 - What is the most likely source of the gas bubbles?...Ch. 13 - What factors may have caused the penetration...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3CSCh. 13 - Prob. 4CSCh. 13 - Prob. 5CS
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- Answer this broadly.arrow_forward2b) Figure 3 shows a cooling curve of Cadmium (Cd). Determine (i) the solidification temperature;(ii) the superheat;(iii) the cooling rate, just before solidification begins; (iv) the total solidification time; (v) the local solidification time; and(vi) If the cooling curve was obtained at the center of the casting sketched in the figure, determine the mold constant, assuming that n = 2.arrow_forwardUnder uniform cooling, a spherical casting of 25 mm diameter undergoes volumetric solidification shrinkage and volumetric solid contraction of 2.5% and 6.2%, respectively. Determine the diameter of the casting after solidification.arrow_forward
- A cube shaped casting solidifies in 5 minutes. The solidification time in minutes for a cube of the same material, which is 8 times heavier than the original casting will be (A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 24 (D) 40arrow_forwardQ1/ In a homogeneous solidification process, assume molten metal solidifies into a spherical nucleus with a BCC structure. The given data are; lattice parameter (0.292 nm), the heat of fusion energy (1.85×10-9 J/m³), latent surface free energy (0.204 J/m²), critical radius (1-35 nm), equilibrium melting temperature (1516 K), and room temperature (27 °C). Calculate the following for this metal; (a) supercooling value temperature (b) activation tree energy (c) number of atoms in a nucleus of critical size.arrow_forward/The total solidification times of three casting shapes are to be compared: (1) a sphere with diameter= 10 cm, (2) a cylinder with diameter and length both = 10 cm, and (3) a cube with each side = 10 cm. The same casting alloy is used in the three cases. (a) Determine the relative solidification timesfor each geometry. (b) Based on the results of part (a), which geometric element would make the best riser? (c) If the mold constant = 3.5 min/cm2 in Chvorinov's rule, compute the total solidification time for each casting.arrow_forward
- (c) A square casting has a volume and surface area equal to 1000 mm³ and 600 mm² respectively, and a cylindrical riser through which the molten metal is poured has a volume and surface area equal to 282 mm³ and 244 mm² respectively. Using Chvorinov's rule, determine whether such a design would avoid shrinkage cavities.arrow_forwardA riser in the shape of a sphere is to be designed for a sand casting mold. The casting is a rectangular plate, with length = 100 mm, width = 50 mm, and thickness = 10 mm. If the total solidification time of the casting itself is known to be 2.5 min, determine the diameter of the riser so that it will take 20% longer for the riser to solidify. %3D %3!arrow_forwardA flat plate is to be cast in an open mold whose bottom has a square shape that is 200 mm by 200 mm. The mold is 40 mm deep. A total of 106 mm3 of molten aluminum is poured into the mold. Solidification shrinkage is known to be 6.0%. The linear shrinkage due to thermal contraction after solidification is 1.3%. If the availability of molten metal in the mold allows the square shape of the cast plate to maintain its 200 mm by 200 mm dimensions until solidification is completed, determine the final dimensions of the plate.arrow_forward
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Explanation of Solidification of Metals & Alloys | Manufacturing Processes; Author: Magic Marks;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5z9KknF_s8;License: Standard Youtube License