Chapter 13, Problem 13.67P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent needed to convert 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CCl}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction, the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant, whereas, the newly formed substance is called a product. Both reactants and products must be separated by an arrow.

Hydrohalogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which the hydrogen and halogen atoms like Cl, Br are bonded on un-statured carbon atoms of alkene to form alkyl halide.

Answer to Problem 13.67P

Explanation of Solution

The conversion of 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CCl}$ must be hydrohalogenation as H and Cl are added to 2-methylpropene to form ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CCl}$.

To get the hydrohalogenation product of any alkene, three steps must be followed;

• Locate the position of C=C in the molecule.
• Break the H-Cl bond of the reagent.
• Add one Cl atom to double-bonded C atom to form new C−Cl single bonds in the molecule.
• Add one H atom to another double-bonded C atom to form new C−H single bonds in the molecule.
• The reaction follows the Markovnikov rule which states that the H atom of H-X will bond to that double-bonded C atom which has more number of H atoms.

Hence, the hydrohalogenation of 2-methylpropene can be written as follows

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CH}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction, the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant, whereas, the newly formed substance is called a product. Both reactants and products must be separated by an arrow.

Hydrohalogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which the hydrogen and halogen atoms like Cl, Br are bonded on un-statured carbon atoms of alkene to form alkyl halide.

Answer to Problem 13.67P

Explanation of Solution

The conversion of 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CH}$ must be hydrogenation as H atoms are added to 2-methylpropene to form ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CH}$.

To get the hydrogenated product of any alkene, three steps must be followed;

• Locate the position of C=C in the molecule.
• Break the H−H bond of the reagent.
• Add one H atom to double-bonded C atom to form two new C−H single bonds in the molecule.

Hence the hydrogenation of 2-methylpropene can be written as:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{C-OH}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction, the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant, whereas, the newly formed substance is called a product. Both reactants and products must be separated by an arrow.

Hydrohalogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which the hydrogen and halogen atoms like Cl, Br are bonded on un-statured carbon atoms of alkene to form alkyl halide.

Answer to Problem 13.67P

Explanation of Solution

The conversion of 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{C-OH}$ must be hydration as H and OH are added to 2-methylpropene to form ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{C-OH}$.

To get the hydration product of any alkene, three steps must be followed;

• Locate the position of C=C in the molecule.
• Break the H-OH bond of the reagent.
• Add the -OH group atom to double-bonded C atom to form new C−OH single bonds in the molecule.
• Add one H atom to another double-bonded C atom to form new C−H single bonds in the molecule.
• The reaction follows the Markovnikov rule which states that the H atom of H-OH will bond to that double-bonded C atom which has more number of H atoms.

Hence, the hydration of 2-methylpropene can be written as:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CBr}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction, the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant, whereas, the newly formed substance is called a product. Both reactants and products must be separated by an arrow.

Hydrohalogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which the hydrogen and halogen atoms like Cl, Br are bonded on un-statured carbon atoms of alkene to form alkyl halide.

Answer to Problem 13.67P

Explanation of Solution

The conversion of 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CBr}$ must be hydrohalogenation as H and Br are added to 2-methylpropene to form ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{CBr}$.

To get the hydrohalogenation product of any alkene, three steps must be followed;

• Locate the position of C=C in the molecule.
• Break the H-Br bond of the reagent.
• Add one Br atom to double-bonded C atom to form new C−Cl single bonds in the molecule.
• Add one H atom to another double-bonded C atom to form new C−H single bonds in the molecule.
• The reaction follows the Markovnikov rule which states that the H atom of H-X will bond to that double-bonded C atom which has more number of H atoms.

Hence, the hydrohalogenation of 2-methylpropene can be written as:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CBr-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction, the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant, whereas, the newly formed substance is called a product. Both reactants and products must be separated by an arrow.

Hydrohalogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which the hydrogen and halogen atoms like Cl, Br are bonded on un-statured carbon atoms of alkene to form alkyl halide.

Answer to Problem 13.67P

Explanation of Solution

The conversion of 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CBr-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$ must be halogenation as Br atoms are added to 2-methylpropene to form ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CBr-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$.

To get the halogenation product of any alkene, three steps must be followed:

• Locate the position of C=C in the molecule.
• Break the Br-Br bond of the reagent.
• Add one Br atom to double-bonded C atom to form two new C−Br single bonds in the molecule.

Hence, the halogenation of 2-methylpropene can be written as:

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CCl-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction, the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant, whereas, the newly formed substance is called a product. Both reactants and products must be separated by an arrow.

Hydrohalogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which the hydrogen and halogen atoms like Cl, Br are bonded on un-statured carbon atoms of alkene to form alkyl halide.

Answer to Problem 13.67P

Explanation of Solution

The conversion of 2-methylpropene to ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CCl-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$ must be halogenation as Cls atoms are added to 2-methylpropene to form ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CCl-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$.

To get the halogenation product of any alkene, three steps must be followed:

• Locate the position of C=C in the molecule.
• Break the Cl-Cl bond of the reagent.
• Add one Cl atom to double-bonded C atom to form two new C−Cl single bonds in the molecule.

Hence the halogenation of 2-methylpropene can be written as follows: