Chapter 13, Problem 13.144P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “down-the-drain” factor for $2\text{-butoxyethanol}$ in the detergent is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A detergent is a surfactant that has cleaning properties. It is used in laundry and dishwashing.

Following are some of the types of detergents:

1. Anionic detergents.

2. Cationic detergents.

3. Non-ionic detergents.

4. Zwitterionic detergents.

Henry’s law gives the quantitative relationship between the pressure of the gas and its solubility. It states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Higher the partial pressure of the gas, more will be its solubility and vice-versa.

The formula to calculate the solubility of gases according to Henry’s law is as follows:

$S_{\text{gas}}=k_{\text{H}}\times P_{\text{gas}}$ (1)

Here, $S_{\text{gas}}$ is the solubility of the gas.

$k_{\text{H}}$ is Henry’s constant.

$P_{\text{gas}}$ is the partial pressure of the gas.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $k_{\text{H}}$ for ethanol is to be determined in terms of $\text{L}\cdot \text{atm/mol}$.

Concept introduction:

Henry’s law gives the quantitative relationship between the pressure of the gas and its solubility. It states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Higher the partial pressure of the gas, more will be its solubility and vice-versa.

The formula to calculate the solubility of gases according to Henry’s law is as follows:

$S_{\text{gas}}=k_{\text{H}}\times P_{\text{gas}}$ (1)

Here, $S_{\text{gas}}$ is the solubility of the gas.

$k_{\text{H}}$ is Henry’s constant.

$P_{\text{gas}}$ is the partial pressure of the gas.

The conversion factor to convert ${\text{m}}^{\text{3}}$ into $\text{L}$ is as follows:

$1\text{}{\text{m}}^3={10}^3\text{L}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the value in part(b) is consistent with that as $0.64\text{Pa}\cdot {\text{m}}^{\text{3}}\text{/mol}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Henry’s law gives the quantitative relationship between the pressure of the gas and its solubility. It states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Higher the partial pressure of the gas, more will be its solubility and vice-versa.

The formula to calculate the solubility of gases according to Henry’s law is as follows:

$S_{\text{gas}}=k_{\text{H}}\times P_{\text{gas}}$ (1)

Here, $S_{\text{gas}}$ is the solubility of the gas.

$k_{\text{H}}$ is Henry’s constant.

$P_{\text{gas}}$ is the partial pressure of the gas.