Chapter 13, Problem 13.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ or ${\text{Cs}}^{+}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Sr}}^{2+}$ or ${\text{Rb}}^{+}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ or ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{O}}^{2-}$ or ${\text{F}}^{-}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ or ${\text{SH}}^{-}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ or ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ or ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ or ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$ has greater $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The charge density is defined as the ratio of ionic charge and volume. It is directly proportional to the ionic charge and inversely proportional to the ionic volume. Volume is directly related to the ionic size. Smaller ion will have the charge spread over a small space so charge density will be more and vice-versa.

The enthalpy change of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of the ionic species is dissolved in water to give a solution of infinite dilution. It is represented by $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$. It is always negative.

$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ is directly related to the charge density on an ion. Higher the charge density, more will be $\Delta H_{\text{hydration}}$ and vice-versa.