Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows. Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 12, Problem 98P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be shown to has an aromatic sextet.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

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The heat of combustion of decahydronaphthalene(C10H18) is -6286 kJ/mol. The heat of combustion ofnaphthalene (C10H8) is -5157 kJ/mol. (In both casesCO2(g) and H2O(l) are the products.) Calculate the heat of hydrogenationand the resonance energy of naphthalene.

The heat of combustion of decahydronaphthalene (C10H18) is -6286 kJ/mol. The heat of combustion of naphthalene 1C10H82 is -5157 kJ/mol. (In both cases CO2(g) and H2O(l) are the products). Calculate the heat of hydrogenation and the resonance energy of naphthalene.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 98P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be shown to has an aromatic sextet.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 98P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be shown to has an aromatic sextet.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 98P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be shown to has an aromatic sextet.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 98P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be shown to has an aromatic sextet.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 98P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 98P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept Introduction: The representation of a compound by more than one Lewis structure and the actual structure is said to be the hybrid of all these structures, then the compound is said to possess resonance. The actual structure of the compound is the resonance hybrid.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be shown to has an aromatic sextet.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine should be shown to has an aromatic sextet.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.1QC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.2QC Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-3 Write the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-4 Draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-5 How many stereoisomers are possible...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.6QC Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-7 Propose a two-step mechanism for the...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.8QC Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-9 Propose a three-step reaction...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.10QC

Solution Summary: The author explains that benzene, pyridine, and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that benzene, pyridine, and pyrimidine should be represented as hybrids of two contributing structures using curved arrows.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined. Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 12 Solutions

Interpretation:The bond angles and shape of pyridine and pyrimidine should be determined.

Concept Introduction: The compounds that contain alternate single and double bonds in the chemical structure and are planar that is all the sp2 hybridized atoms are in the same plane, are said to be aromatic.