(a) Interpretation: True or false. Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds. Concept Introduction: Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization . Below are the two types of polymers: Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Question

1. Kevlar is a copolymer used in bullet-proof vests. It is formed in a condensation reaction between the following two monomers: H2N- -NH2 НО—С OH Sketch a portion of the polymer chain showing several monomer units. Write the overall equation for the condensation reaction.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

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1. Kevlar is a copolymer used in bullet-proof vests. It is formed in a condensation reaction between the following two monomers: H2N- -NH2 НО—С OH Sketch a portion of the polymer chain showing several monomer units. Write the overall equation for the condensation reaction.

The density difference between low and high-density polyethylene is a result of the difference between branching in the polymer structures at the molecular level. Which of these two polymers tend to be more flexible and is used for lids of containers such as butter tubs?

LDPE or low-density polyethylene is one type of polymer resin that produces a plastic that is softer, more flexible and has lower tensile strength. HDPE or high-density polyethylene on the other hand has higher greater tensile strength, more rigid, and has higher melting point. Explain these differences. HDPE LDPE

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 12, Problem 50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Ethylene contains one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyethylene contains many carbon-carbon double bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

True or false.

All c-c bond angles in both LDPE and HDPE are approximately 120⁰.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

True or false.

Low-density polyethylene is a highly branched polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

True or false.

High density polyethylene consists of carbon chains with little branching.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

True or false.

The density of polyethylene polymers is directly related to the degree of chain branching, the lower the density of the polymer.

Concept Introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

True or false.

PS and PVC are currently recycled.

Concept introduction:

Procedures where single molecules or monomers such as hydrocarbons and amino acids bond to form polymers is known as polymerization. Below are the two types of polymers:

Natural polymers − These polymers consist rubber, cellulose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Manmade or artificial polymer − These polymers are found within PVC i.e. polyvinyl chloride and other plastic.

Answer 18

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Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.1QC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.2QC Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-3 Write the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-4 Draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 12.3 - Problem 12-5 How many stereoisomers are possible...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.6QC Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-7 Propose a two-step mechanism for the...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.8QC Ch. 12.5 - Problem 12-9 Propose a three-step reaction...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.10QC

Chapter 12 Solutions