Write expressions for Kp for the following reactions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
- Write equilibrium constant expressions for the following reactions. For gases, use either pressures or concentrations. (a) 2 H2O2(g) 2 H2O(g) + O2(g) (b) CO(g) + O2g CO2(g) (c) C(s) + CO2(g) 2 CO(g) (d) NiO(s) + CO(g) Ni(s) + CO2(g)arrow_forwardConsider the system 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)2N2(g)+6H2O(l)H=1530.4kJ (a) How will the concentration of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by (1) removing O2(g)? (2) adding N2(g)? (3) adding water? (4) expanding the container? (5) increasing the temperature? (b) Which of the above factors will increase the value of K? Which will decrease it?arrow_forwardWhat is Le Chteliers principle? Consider the reaction 2NOCI(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) If this reaction is at equilibrium. what happens when the following changes occur? a. NOCI(g) is added. b. NO(g) is added. c. NOCI(g) is removed. d. Cl2(g) is removed. e. The container volume is decreased. For each of these changes, what happens to the value of K for the reaction as equilibrium is reached again? Give an example of a reaction for which the addition or removal of one of the reactants or products has no effect on the equilibrium position. In general, how will the equilibrium position of a gas-phase reaction be affected if the volume of the reaction vessel changes? Are there reactions that will not have their equilibria shifted by a change in volume? Explain. Why does changing the pressure in a rigid container by adding an inert gas not shift the equilibrium position for a gas-phase reaction?arrow_forward
- Kc = 5.6 1012 at 500 K for the dissociation of iodine molecules to iodine atoms. I2(g) 2 I(g) A mixture has [I2] = 0.020 mol/Land [I] = 2.0 108 mol/L. Is the reaction at equilibrium (at 500 K)? If not, which way must the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?arrow_forwardBecause calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go a step further and examine the equilibrium between carbonate ion and CaCOj. The reaction is Ca2+(aq) + COj2_(aq) ** CaCO,(s) The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.1 X 10*. If the initial calcium ion concentration is 0.02 AI and the carbonate concentration is 0.03 AI, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the ions? A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H2COj(aq) H+(aq) + HCO}‘(aq) K = 4.4 X 10"7 She starts with 0.1000 AI carbonic acid. What are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?arrow_forwardWhat is the law of mass action? Is it true that the value of K depends on the amounts of reactants and products mixed together initially? Explain. Is it true that reactions with large equilibrium constant values are very fast? Explain. There is only one value of the equilibrium constant for a particular system at a particular temperature, but there is an infinite number of equilibrium positions. Explain.arrow_forward
- Consider the system 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 N2(g) + 6 H20(ℓ) ΔrH° = −1530.4 kJ/mol How will the amount of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by removing O2(g) without changing the total gas volume? adding N2(g) without changing the total gas volume? adding water without changing the total gas volume? expanding the container? increasing the temperature? Which of these changes (i to v) increases the value of K? Which decreases it?arrow_forwardFor the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) show that Kc = Kp(RT)2 Do not use the formula Kp = Kc(RT)5n given in the text. Start from the fact that Pi = [i]RT, where Pi is the partial pressure of substance i and [i] is its molar concentration. Substitute into Kc.arrow_forwardHydrogen and carbon dioxide react at a high temperature to give water and carbon monoxide. H2(g) + CO2(g) H2O(g) + CO(g) (a) Laboratory measurements at 986 C show that there are 0.11 mol each of CO and H2O vapor and 0.087 mol each of H2 and CO2 at equilibrium in a 50.0-L container. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 986 C. (b) Suppose 0.010 mol each of H2 and CO2 are placed in a 200.0-L container. When equilibrium is achieved at 986 C, what amounts of CO(g) and H2O(g), in moles, would be present? [Use the value of Kc from part (a).]arrow_forward
- Write the expression for the equilibrium constant and calculate the partial pressure of CO2(g), given that Kp is 0.25 (at 427 C) for NaHCO3(s) NaOH(s) + CO2(g)arrow_forwardHow is the strength of an acid related to the position of its ionization equilibrium? Write the equations for the dissociation (ionization) of HCI, HNO3, and HClO4in water. Since all these acids are strong acids, what does this indicate about the basicity of the Cl-, NO3, and ClO4ions? Are aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, or NaClO4basic?arrow_forwardWrite the mathematical expression for the reaction quotient, QC, for each of the following reactions (a) N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) (b) 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O(g) (C) N2O2(g)2NO2(g) (d) CO2(g)+H2CO(g)+H2O(g) (e) NH4CI(s)NH3(g)+HCI(g) (f) 2Pb( NO3)2(s)2PbO(s)+4NO2(g)+O2(g) (g) 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g) (h) S8(g)8S(g)arrow_forward
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