HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781265382353
Author: Fox
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 12, Problem 19RA
Using the concept of motor units, explain how skeletal muscles in vivo produce graded and sustained contractions.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Define and describe the function of slow oxidative myofibers.arrow_forwardDescribe the sequence of events by which an action potential in a motor neuron produces an action potential in the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber?arrow_forwardDescribe the contraction of a muscle fiber, starting with what events take place at the neuromuscular junction, explaining how depolarization along the length of the sarcolemma occurs, the role of calcium (where it is released, what it binds to, etc.), and the events that occur after calcium binds to troponin. Draw a few simple, labelled diagrams of a neuromuscular junction and sarcomere and outline the steps of excitation-contraction coupling, including power stroke, recovery stroke, formation of cross bridges, role of ATP, etc.arrow_forward
- Explain in detail how the of relaxion towards Smooth muscle contraction is done by the antagonsists atropine and mepyramine. Provide intracelluar mechanism of relaxation.arrow_forwardExplain the intracellular mechansim of smooth muscle relaxation of agaonist such as mepyrimine and atropine. Give diagram for each.arrow_forwardDescribe the protein structures involved in muscle contraction. Illustratearrow_forward
- Discuss some of the differences, and similarities if any, of smooth muscle contraction compared to skeletal muscle contraction.arrow_forwardList and describe the events that take place (and the structuresinvolved) between excitation of the skeletal muscle cellmembrane by an action potential and the initiation of cross-bridge action.arrow_forwardFirst, explain how resting membrane potential is established in terms of ion concentration and electric charge. Next, explain the process of neural signal transmission from an alpha motor neuron to the muscle fiber. Do this by explaining how an AP is generated (ions and membrane proteins) at the neuron, how the signal is propagated, what happens at the axon terminal, what happens at the motor endplate, and explain all the molecular events that occur to cause muscle contraction.arrow_forward
- 2. We discussed how muscle spindles allow for precision of movement as a muscle lengthens, and particular muscles which require more precise movements will contain more spindles. In addition to this precision control over muscle length, there are other differences between muscles which enable more precision in how much force is generated. Consider the two graphs below which depict force generated by two different muscles as additional motor units are recruited. Force Muscle A Load Force Muscle B Load a) Describe why the first steps for a low force contraction in both muscles are smaller than the later ones in the context of motor units and force production.arrow_forwardOutline the major neural adaptations a muscle undergoes to gain strength in the absence of muscle hypertrophy. ( Explain well with step by step Answer. )arrow_forwardIdentify the nature and physiological significance of the series-elastic component of muscle contraction.arrow_forward
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