HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781265382353
Author: Fox
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 5aCP
Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events from the time ACh is released from a nerve ending to the time
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Compare the rate of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the rate of Ca2+ return back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is true?
The rate of ca2+ returns is faster than the rate of ca2+ release
The rate of ca2+ release is faster than the rate of ca2+ return
Rates of Ca2+ release from and return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum are the same.
Which of the following proteins connects the actin filaments to the Z-band in the sarcomere?
CapZ
Titin
Profilin
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The condition hyponatremia (hy′-poh-nah-TREE-mee-ah) is characterized by low levels of sodium ions in the blood and extracellular fluid. What do you think would happen to the action potential in the sarcolemma if there were insufficient sodium ions in the extracellular fluid? (Hint: Think about what will happen to the normal gradient of sodium ions in hyponatremia.)
Chapter 12 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Troponin C has been mutated such that it cannot bind to calcium. Describe the effect of this mutation on sarcomere shortening in skeletal muscle. A complete answer will describe the normal function of troponin C, the normal process of sarcomere shortening, and will describe the overall effect of the mutation on sarcomere shortening based on troponin C's function and its role in the overall process of sarcomere shortening.arrow_forwardDuring a histological examination of muscle tissue you see a cell that is striated. You determine that it is a cardiac myocyte because it Possesses multiple nuclei per cell O Contains neuromuscular junctions Has intercalated disks with one nucleus per cell Is spindle shaped with a single nucleus Lacks intercalated disksarrow_forwardA woman is having an extremely prolonged labor. From her anatomy andphysiology course, she remembers the role of Ca2+ in muscle contractionand asks the doctor to give her a Ca2+ injection to speed the delivery.Explain why the doctor would or would not do as she requests.arrow_forward
- Order the following from smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue.arrow_forwardPut these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4. Ca2+ binding to troponin 2, 1, 4, 3 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 1, 2, 4arrow_forwardIn cardiac muscle, which ion serves both to depolarize the cells and as the essential link to myocyte contraction (the troponin/tropomyosin part)? a-Na+ b-Ca+ c-Ca2+ d-Cl-arrow_forward
- Why is the latent period longer during an isotonic twitch of a skeletalmuscle fiber than it is during an isometric twitch?a. Excitation–contraction coupling is slower during an isotonic twitch.b. Action potentials propagate more slowly when the fiber is shortening,so extra time is required to activate the entire fiber.c. In addition to the time for excitation-contraction coupling, it takesextra time for enough cross-bridges to attach to make the tension in themuscle fiber greater than the load.d. Fatigue sets in much more quickly during isotonic contractions, andwhen muscles are fatigued the cross-bridges move much more slowly.e. The latent period is longer because isotonic twitches only occur in slow(type I) muscle fibers.arrow_forwardWhat event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex to regain its original shape in muscle relaxation? a. stimulation of ACh receptors b. diffusion of Na* back into transverse tubules c. return of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. breaking of the bond with tropomyosinarrow_forwardIf a muscle cell’s sarcoplasmic reticulum had little to no Ca2+, could the muscle cell still produce an electrical impulse, and would the muscle cell still contract? Explain.arrow_forward
- The concentration of Ca++ in the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber is [ Select ] than that of the extracellular fluid. On the other hand, the sarcoplasmic reticulum has a [ Select ] concentration of Ca++ than the cytoplasm. Done [ Select ] higher lowerarrow_forward28. 39-43 TRUE OR FALSE Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber. Myosatellite cells, remain closely associated with the plasma membrane. Lymphatic vessels are seen only in the perimysium. Capillaries are in close contact with skeletal muscle fibers. Nebulin, the largest known proteins, connects the Z band to the M band The normal time for turnover of keratinocytes from stratum basale to uppermost stratum corneum varies from 20 to 75 daysarrow_forwardWhich of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomerearrow_forward
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