Chapter 12, Problem 12.80EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula for an alkane with molecular formula of ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$ containing five primary carbon atoms has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

In a hydrocarbon structure, each and every carbon atoms are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to only one another carbon atom is known as primary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to four another carbon atom is known as quaternary carbon atom.

These carbon atoms are denoted by notations as, $1°$ for primary, $2°$ for secondary, $3°$ for tertiary and $4°$ for quaternary.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula for an alkane with molecular formula of ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$ containing two adjacent tertiary carbon atoms has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

In a hydrocarbon structure, each and every carbon atoms are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to only one another carbon atom is known as primary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary carbon atom.

If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to four another carbon atom is known as quaternary carbon atom.

These carbon atoms are denoted by notations as, $1°$ for primary, $2°$ for secondary, $3°$ for tertiary and $4°$ for quaternary.