Chapter 12, Problem 12.143EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane.  If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane.  They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.

Physical properties of halogenated alkanes:

Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon.  This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom.  This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.

General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,

• Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present.  Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
• As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.

Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability.  Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane.  If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane.  They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.

Physical properties of halogenated alkanes:

Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon.  This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom.  This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.

General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,

• Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present.  Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
• As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.

Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability.  Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane.  If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane.  They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.

Physical properties of halogenated alkanes:

Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon.  This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom.  This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.

General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,

• Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present.  Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
• As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.

Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability.  Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane.  If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane.  They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.

Physical properties of halogenated alkanes:

Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon.  This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom.  This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.

General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,

• Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present.  Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
• As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.

Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability.  Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.