The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified. Concept Introduction: Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula. Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water. Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density. Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 ° C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature. When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Question

Use the data below from an electron impact mass spectrum of a pure compound to deduce its structure. Draw your structure in the drawing window. Data selected from the NIST WebBook, https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ m/z Relative intensity 31 0.5 30 26 29 22 28 100 27 33 26 23 15 4 • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. 妊 n ? Previous Next

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.124EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

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Use the data below from an electron impact mass spectrum of a pure compound to deduce its structure. Draw your structure in the drawing window. Data selected from the NIST WebBook, https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ m/z Relative intensity 31 0.5 30 26 29 22 28 100 27 33 26 23 15 4 • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. 妊 n ? Previous Next

for this question. Write the molecular formula for a compound with the possible elements C, H, N and O that exhibits a molecular ion at M+ = 98.1106. Exact Masses of the Most Abundant Isotope of Selected Elements Isotope Natural abundance (%) Exact mass 1H 99.985 1.008 12C 98.90 12.000 14N 99.63 14.003 160 99.76 15.995 Molecular formula (In the order CHNO, with no subscripts)

PLEASE READ!!! I DONT WANT EXAMPLES, I DONT WANT WORDS OR PARAGRAPHS!!! PLEASE I UNDERSTAND THE BASICS BUT THIS IS AN EXCEPTION THAT EVEN THE INTERNET CANT HELP!!!! THIS IS THE THIRD TIME I'VE SENT THOSE QUESTIONS SO PLEASE DONT RESEND THE SAME STUFF, ITS NOT HELPING ME!!! I ALSO ALREADY TRIED TO DRAW THE MECHANISM MYSELF, SO IF ITS RIGHT PLEASE TELL ME OR TELL ME WHAT I HAVE TO CHANGE!!! First image: I have to SHOW (DRAWING) the mechanism (with arows and structures of molecules) NOT WORDS PLEASE! of the reaction at the bottom. Also I have to show by mecanism why the reaction wouldn't work if the alcohol was primary Second image: I have to show the mechanism (IMAGE) (with arrows and structures of the molecules) NOT WORDS PLEASE !! for the reaction on the left, where the alcohol A is added fast in one portion HOMEWORK, NOT EXAM!! ALL DETAILS ARE IN THE IMAGES PLEASE LOOK AT THE IMAGES, DONT LOOK AT THE AI GENERATED TEXT!!!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.124EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.124EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.124EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.124EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.124EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.124EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about 30 °C for every carbon atom that is added to the chain. The continuous alkanes which contain one to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature. The continuous chain alkanes that contain more than eighteen carbon atoms are solids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 1QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula.

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