Chapter 12, Problem 12.141EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula is for a halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of cycloalkanes are cyclopropane (${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$), cyclobutane (${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_8$).

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).

Answer to Problem 12.141EP

The given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

Explanation of Solution

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms with a ring structure.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.

The given molecular formula in the problem statement is ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}{\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$.  The given molecular formula belongs to halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane can be found by adding one hydrogen atom for each halogen atom in the given molecular formula.  This gives the molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$.  This complies with the general molecular formula of alkane.  Hence, the given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula is for a halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of cycloalkanes are cyclopropane (${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$), cyclobutane (${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_8$).

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).

Answer to Problem 12.141EP

The given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

Explanation of Solution

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms with a ring structure.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.

The given molecular formula in the problem statement is ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{3}}$.  The given molecular formula belongs to halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane can be found by adding one hydrogen atom for each halogen atom in the given molecular formula.  This gives the molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$.  This complies with the general molecular formula of alkane.  Hence, the given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula is for a halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of cycloalkanes are cyclopropane (${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$), cyclobutane (${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_8$).

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).

Answer to Problem 12.141EP

The given molecular formula is for halogenated cycloalkane.

Explanation of Solution

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms with a ring structure.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.

The given molecular formula in the problem statement is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}\text{F}$.  The given molecular formula belongs to halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane can be found by adding one hydrogen atom for each halogen atom in the given molecular formula.  This gives the molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$.  This complies with the general molecular formula of cycloalkane.  Hence, the given molecular formula is for halogenated cycloalkane.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is for halogenated cycloalkane.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula is for a halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of cycloalkanes are cyclopropane (${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$), cyclobutane (${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_8$).

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).

Answer to Problem 12.141EP

The given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

Explanation of Solution

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms with a ring structure.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.

The given molecular formula in the problem statement is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}$.  The given molecular formula belongs to halogenated alkane or halogenated cycloalkane can be found by adding one hydrogen atom for each halogen atom in the given molecular formula.  This gives the molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{14}}$.  This complies with the general molecular formula of alkane.  Hence, the given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is for halogenated alkane.