Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11.8, Problem 4RIA
Summary Introduction
The fermentation process yields less ATP when compared to the aerobic respiration. Since the fermentation, process lacks an electron transport chain to carry the terminal electron to generate proton motive force. The fermentation is considered to be a
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What is the net yield of ATP during homolactic, acetate, and butyrate fermentations? How do these yields compare to aerobic respiration in terms of both quantity and mechanism of phosphorylation?
What accounts for the ATP yield of fermentation being only a tiny fraction of the yield from aerobic respiration?
Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without
reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to
lactate or to ethanol plus CO2.
Which of the following provides the best explanation for sustaining anaerobic
glycolysis?
O Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NADH
Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NADH
Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
Chapter 11 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Discuss the ways in which...Ch. 11.1 - Describe the nutritional requirements of the major...Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Compare...Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are the three major...Ch. 11.2 - Is NAD+ reduced to NADH in the catabolic or...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.2 - Why is it to a cells advantage to catabolize...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.4 - Which reactions are examples of substrate-level...Ch. 11.4 - For what kinds of reactions is NADPH used?
Ch. 11.4 - For what macromolecule is ribose 5-phosphate a...Ch. 11.4 - Summarize the major features of the...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.5 - Identify the substrate and products of the TCA...Ch. 11.5 - What chemical intermediate links pyruvate to the...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply In what eukaryotic...Ch. 11.5 - Why is it desirable for a microbe with the...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.6 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.6 - Describe the current model of oxidative...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.6 - Prob. 4RIACh. 11.7 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.7 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.7 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.8 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.8 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.8 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.8 - Briefly describe alcoholic, lactic acid, mixed...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 4RIACh. 11.8 - Prob. 5RIACh. 11.9 - What is the difference between a hydrolase and...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly discuss the ways in...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe how a...Ch. 11.10 - How do chemolithotrophs obtain their ATP and...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.10 - Why can hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and archaea...Ch. 11.10 - What is reverse electron flow and why do many...Ch. 11.10 - Arsenate is a compound that inhibits...Ch. 11.11 - When electrons from P700 are used to reduce NADP+,...Ch. 11.11 - Define the following terms: light reactions, dark...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.11 - What is the function of accessory pigments?Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 4RIACh. 11.11 - Compare and contrast anoxygenic phototrophy and...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 6RIACh. 11 - Without looking in chapters 21 and 22, predict...Ch. 11 - From an evolutionary perspective, discuss why most...Ch. 11 - How would you isolate a thermophilic...Ch. 11 - Certain chemicals block ATP synthesis by allowing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5CHICh. 11 - A cyanobacterium having photosystem I but not...Ch. 11 - Review the description of the Berkeley Pit Lake in...Ch. 11 - The archaeon Metallosphaera sedula is of great...Ch. 11 - Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria have been thought to be...
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- How does the reduction of pyruvic acid create a state of redox balance in anaerobic glycolysis?arrow_forwardWhat is the ATP yield from the entire aerobic respiration pathway? What is the ATP yield for fermentation?arrow_forwardHow many net molecules of ATP and NADH are produced in "anaerobic glycolysis" (glycolysis + fermentation) starting from 1 molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ending with 2 molecules of lactate? (Reminder: you are starting with one molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in this problem! Not from glucose!)arrow_forward
- Although both hexokinase and phosphofructokinase catalyze irreversible steps in glycolysis and the hexokinase-catalyzed step is first, phosphofructokinase is nonetheless the pacemaker of glycolysis. What does this information tell you about the fate of the glucose 6-phosphate formed by hexokinase? Glucose 6-phosphate must be unstable and release its phosphoryl group over time. Glucose 6-phosphate must be utilized by other metabolic pathways. Glucose 6-phosphate must allosterically inhibit phosphofructokinase, but not hexokinase. Glucose 6-phosphate must be wasted when it is produced in excess.arrow_forwardDraw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucosearrow_forwardHow many ATP or NADH molecules are produced or required in each of the following steps in glycolysis? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. zero one two produced required In the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, NADH molecules are In the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, NADH molecules are In the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate molecules are ATP and Reset ATP and ATP and Help NADHarrow_forward
- How do alcohol and lactic acid fermentation differ other than their final product? (Hint: Look closely at the reduction reactions taking place in each pathway)arrow_forwardATP synthase, hexokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase are important enzymes in aerobic respiration. Please provide a description for each enzyme containing the following information: (1) the metabolic stage in aerobic respiration they are involved in, (2) the enzyme class where they belong, and (3) the chemical eaction they catalyze.arrow_forwardFor many years, the total number of molecules of ATP produced for each molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration was given as 38. Later, it was estimated to be closer to 36, and now it is believed tobe closer to 30. What factors must be considered in estimating the yield of ATP molecules? Why are the recent numbers considered to be approximate values?arrow_forward
- Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to lactate or to ethanol plus CO2. Both of these reactions are given below in their unbalanced forms. Explain in one sentence why one of these reducing steps is needed to sustain anaerobic glycolysis.arrow_forward38,39,40arrow_forwarda) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.arrow_forward
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