Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 4CHI
Certain chemicals block ATP synthesis by allowing protons and other ions to “leak across membranes,” disrupting the charge and proton gradients established by electron flow through an ETC. Does this observation support the chemiosmosis hypothesis? Explain your reasoning.
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Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What effect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis?
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Discuss the ways in which...Ch. 11.1 - Describe the nutritional requirements of the major...Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Compare...Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are the three major...Ch. 11.2 - Is NAD+ reduced to NADH in the catabolic or...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.2 - Why is it to a cells advantage to catabolize...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.4 - Which reactions are examples of substrate-level...Ch. 11.4 - For what kinds of reactions is NADPH used?
Ch. 11.4 - For what macromolecule is ribose 5-phosphate a...Ch. 11.4 - Summarize the major features of the...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.5 - Identify the substrate and products of the TCA...Ch. 11.5 - What chemical intermediate links pyruvate to the...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply In what eukaryotic...Ch. 11.5 - Why is it desirable for a microbe with the...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.6 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.6 - Describe the current model of oxidative...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.6 - Prob. 4RIACh. 11.7 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.7 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.7 - Prob. 3RIACh. 11.8 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.8 - Prob. 1RIACh. 11.8 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.8 - Briefly describe alcoholic, lactic acid, mixed...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 4RIACh. 11.8 - Prob. 5RIACh. 11.9 - What is the difference between a hydrolase and...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly discuss the ways in...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe how a...Ch. 11.10 - How do chemolithotrophs obtain their ATP and...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.10 - Why can hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and archaea...Ch. 11.10 - What is reverse electron flow and why do many...Ch. 11.10 - Arsenate is a compound that inhibits...Ch. 11.11 - When electrons from P700 are used to reduce NADP+,...Ch. 11.11 - Define the following terms: light reactions, dark...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 2RIACh. 11.11 - What is the function of accessory pigments?Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 4RIACh. 11.11 - Compare and contrast anoxygenic phototrophy and...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 6RIACh. 11 - Without looking in chapters 21 and 22, predict...Ch. 11 - From an evolutionary perspective, discuss why most...Ch. 11 - How would you isolate a thermophilic...Ch. 11 - Certain chemicals block ATP synthesis by allowing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5CHICh. 11 - A cyanobacterium having photosystem I but not...Ch. 11 - Review the description of the Berkeley Pit Lake in...Ch. 11 - The archaeon Metallosphaera sedula is of great...Ch. 11 - Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria have been thought to be...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Criticize the following statement: “The roleof the proton gradient in chemiosmosis is to provide the energy tophosphorylate ADP.”arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT one of the three forms of stored biological energy interconverted in chemiosmosis? O Photorespiration O Energy stored in chemical gradients across membranes O Chemical bond energy O Energy stored in electrical gradients across membranesarrow_forwardDescribe the role of each of the membrane proteins shown in the picture below. Think about what is happening to the electrons and describe how energy is transformed as electrons move along the chain. Part of this involves the formation of the proton gradient. The other part is the explanation of the energetics of electron transport that you investigated above. In other words, the reason that electrons always flow from complex I to complex III to complex IV to oxygen.arrow_forward
- Can you explain why when the pH level was changed from 0 to 5, the ATP production was affected despite the supply of glucose being constant at just 1 mol for both treatments (At 0 pH and 5 pH). What is the reason on why this could have happened?arrow_forwardDraw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in chemiosmosis and label the two compartments it separates. Add the ATP synthase complex, indicate the proton gradient, and specify in which compartment ATP is synthesized.arrow_forwardCan you please explain the relationship of ATP concentration and NADH concentration in this graph (cellular respiration)? At different treatments of ATP (E.g. At 25 ATP, 50 ATP, 100 ATP), why did the NADH concentration change?arrow_forward
- *Explain the term chemiosmosis and include a detailed description of this process of creating ATP (ADP - ATP - ADP).arrow_forwardDescribe the process by which the proton gradient drives ATP synthesis in chemiosmosis.arrow_forwardFigure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.arrow_forward
- During chemiosmosis ATP is synthesized when H + ions move through turnstile like channel of ATP synthase. H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor. energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes. a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space. 2.86 points Save Answerarrow_forward3 Diagram A below illustrates schematically a classic experiment designed to test the chemi- osmotic hypothesis. Phospholipid vesicles were made to contain beef heart mitochondrial ATP syn- thase and bacteriorhodopsin, a light driven proton pump isolated from Halobacterium holobium. Under light illumination, proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin results in ATP synthesis when ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are added to the suspension of vesicles. Diagram B shows a plot of the rate of ATP synthesis as a function of the proton gradient ApH. Bacteriorhodopsin in synthetic vesicle 100F A outside inside 5아 Fo F1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 A pH (a) how this differs from its orientation in mitochondria. Given the orientation of the components of ATP synthase complex in diagram A, describe (b) cavity of the vesicle become the region of low proton concentration or the region of high proton con- centration? Explain your reasoning. Under light illumination to activate bacteriorhodopsin to drive ATP…arrow_forwardDescribe with a summary picture the aerobic respiration from glucose (CHO) all the way to Co2 and water. Highlight, with yellow the flow of H (and then electrons and protons) and in red the ATP Include: inner membrane, outer membrane, matrix, intermembrane space glycolisis, Krebs cycle (citirc acid), e.t.c. (oxidative phosphorilation) ATP synthase, NADH dehydrogenase complex, cyt b-c1complex, cyt oxidase complex, ubiquinone, cytochrome-c glucose, pyruvate, acetyl-Co-A, H2O, O2, CO2, NADH, NAD+, FADH2, e-, H+, ATP, ADP +Pi direction of the arrows, inner membrane potential, gradient of protons, inner membrane transporters, outer membrane porinsarrow_forward
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