Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781118516461
Author: Neil D. Jespersen, Alison Hyslop
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 63RQ
Phase Diagrams
Sketch a generic phase diagram that shows the regions where liquids, solids, and gases exist, the lines indicating equilibria between different phases, and the triple point.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The phase diagram for a pure substance is shown above. Use this diagram and your knowledge about changes of phase to answer the following questions.
a) What does point V represent? What characteristics are specific to the system only at point V?.
(b) What does each point on the curve between V and W represent?
(c) Describe the changes that the system undergoes as the temperature slowly increases from X to Y to Z at 1.0 atmosphere.
Note: Please briefly explain A-C. Thank you.
6.The diagram below is an example of Liquid-Vapor(LV) Pressure (P vs Mole
Fraction).Fill out the question marks with correct number of degrees of freedom.
LV Pressure – Composition (LV – PZ) Phase Diagram
|
How to read this phase diagram:
XA = 0
Xe = 1
P = Pg
Xx = 1
• We can designate the fraction of A and B
in the liquid be XA and Xa, while the
fraction of A and B in the gas phase be ya
and Yg-
XB = 0
F=?
Liquid Phase
F=?
• Z, is the composition of A:
• Below the vapor curve, or the bubble
curve, A is pure vapor, and Z, = VA
• Above the liquid curve, or the dew
curve, A is pure liquid, and Z, = Xa
P
P= P
F=?
Vapor Phase
YA = 1
YA = 0
Ya = 1
ZA
Ys = 0
The standard enthalpy of vaporization (H°vap) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is 34.6 kJ/mol.The normal boiling point of carbon tetrachloride is 76.5°C.Calculate the vapour pressure of carbon tetrachloride at 62.0°C.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1PECh. 11 - List the following in order of their boiling...Ch. 11 - Propylamine and trimethylamine have the same...Ch. 11 - People living in arid, dry, regions can cool their...Ch. 11 - Use the kinetic molecular theory to explain why...Ch. 11 - Considering Figure 11.24, in which direction...Ch. 11 - Suppose a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor...Ch. 11 - The Dead Sea is approximately 1300 ft below sea...Ch. 11 - The atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mt....Ch. 11 - Benzene has a boiling point of 80.1C, and a...
Ch. 11 - Steam can cause more severe bums than water, even...Ch. 11 - The equilibrium line from point B to D in Figure...Ch. 11 - What phase changes will occur if water at 20C and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PECh. 11 - Use Le Chtelier's principle to predict how a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PECh. 11 - At 0.00C, hexane, C6H14, has a vapor pressure of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18PECh. 11 - Chromium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - What is the ratio of the ions in the unit cell of...Ch. 11 - Polonium is the only metal known to crystallize in...Ch. 11 - Use the data in the previous Practice Exercise to...Ch. 11 - Stearic acid is an organic acid that has a chain...Ch. 11 - Boron nitride, which has the empirical formula BN,...Ch. 11 - Crystals of elemental sulfur are easily crushed...Ch. 11 - 11.1 Why are the intermolecular attractive forces...Ch. 11 - Compare the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Why do intermolecular attractions weaken as the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5RQCh. 11 - Define polarizability. How does this property...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RQCh. 11 - 11.8 Which nonmetals, besides hydrogen, are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9RQCh. 11 - Which would give a stronger iondipole interaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11RQCh. 11 - Prob. 12RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Name...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RQCh. 11 - Prob. 17RQCh. 11 - Prob. 18RQCh. 11 - Prob. 19RQCh. 11 - Prob. 20RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22RQCh. 11 - Prob. 23RQCh. 11 - Prob. 24RQCh. 11 - Prob. 25RQCh. 11 - Prob. 26RQCh. 11 - Prob. 27RQCh. 11 - Prob. 28RQCh. 11 - Prob. 29RQCh. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium What...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31RQCh. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.32 Why...Ch. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.33...Ch. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.34....Ch. 11 - Prob. 35RQCh. 11 - Prob. 36RQCh. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids
11.37...Ch. 11 - Prob. 38RQCh. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids 11.39 What...Ch. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids Why does...Ch. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids Why do we...Ch. 11 - Prob. 42RQCh. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids Why does the boiling...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids Mt. Kilimanjaro in...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids
11.45. When liquid...Ch. 11 - Prob. 46RQCh. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids Butane, C4H10, has a...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids
11.48. Why does have a...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids An HF bond is more polar...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State The following is a...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State
11.51 Why is larger...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State Would the heat of...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State Hurricanes can travel...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State Ethanol (grain...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State A burn caused by steam...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State
11.56 Arrange the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 57RQCh. 11 - Phase Diagrams
11.58 Define critical temperature...Ch. 11 - Phase Diagrams What is a supercritical fluid? Why...Ch. 11 - Phase Diagrams
11.60 What phases of a substance...Ch. 11 - Prob. 61RQCh. 11 - Prob. 62RQCh. 11 - Phase Diagrams Sketch a generic phase diagram that...Ch. 11 - Phase Diagrams
11.64 What is the significance of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 65RQCh. 11 - Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State State...Ch. 11 - Le Châtelier's Principle and Changes of...Ch. 11 - Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State Use...Ch. 11 - Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State Use...Ch. 11 - Le Châtelier's Principle and Changes of...Ch. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization According to the...Ch. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization Why can't...Ch. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization Why can any...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74RQCh. 11 - Prob. 75RQCh. 11 - Prob. 76RQCh. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids What...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids
11.78 The...Ch. 11 - The figure below illustrates the way the atoms of...Ch. 11 - Make a sketch of a layer of sodium ions and...Ch. 11 - 11.81 How do the crystal structures of copper and...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids
11.82 What...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids Only 14...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids Write the...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids Why cant...Ch. 11 - Prob. 86RQCh. 11 - Crystal Types and Physical Properties
11.87 What...Ch. 11 - Prob. 88RQCh. 11 - Prob. 89RQCh. 11 - Prob. 90RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties What...Ch. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties What...Ch. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties...Ch. 11 - Prob. 94RQCh. 11 - 11.95 Consider the compounds (chloroform, an...Ch. 11 - 11.96 Carbon dioxide does not liquefy at...Ch. 11 - Prob. 97RQCh. 11 - Prob. 98RQCh. 11 - Prob. 99RQCh. 11 - Prob. 100RQCh. 11 - 11.101 The following are the vapor pressures of...Ch. 11 - 11.102 The boiling points of some common...Ch. 11 - 11.103 Using the information in Problem 11.101,...Ch. 11 - 11.104 Using the information in Problem 11.102,...Ch. 11 - 11.105 What intermolecular forces must the...Ch. 11 - 11.106 What intermolecular attractions will be...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State The molar heat of...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State The molar heat of...Ch. 11 - *11.109 Suppose 45.0 g of water at is added to...Ch. 11 - A cube of solid benzene (C6H6) at its melting...Ch. 11 - Prob. 111RQCh. 11 - Prob. 112RQCh. 11 - Prob. 113RQCh. 11 - Prob. 114RQCh. 11 - Prob. 115RQCh. 11 - Prob. 116RQCh. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization
*11.117 Mercury...Ch. 11 - Prob. 118RQCh. 11 - Prob. 119RQCh. 11 - *11.120 If the vapor pressure of ethylene glycol...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids
11.121 How...Ch. 11 - 11.122 How many copper atoms are within the...Ch. 11 - The atomic radius of nickel is 1.24 . Nickel...Ch. 11 - 11.124 Silver forms face-centered cubic crystals....Ch. 11 - Potassium ions have a radius of 133 pm, and...Ch. 11 - 11.126 The unit cell edge in sodium chloride has a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 127RQCh. 11 - Prob. 128RQCh. 11 - *11.129 Cesium chloride forms a simple cubic...Ch. 11 - 11.130 Rubidium chloride has the rock salt...Ch. 11 - Prob. 131RQCh. 11 - Crystal Types and Physical Properties Elemental...Ch. 11 - Prob. 133RQCh. 11 - Prob. 134RQCh. 11 - Prob. 135RQCh. 11 - Crystal Types and Physical Properties
11.1 36...Ch. 11 - List all of the attractive forces that exist in...Ch. 11 - 11.138 Calculate the mass of water vapor present...Ch. 11 - 11.139 Should acetone molecules be attracted to...Ch. 11 - The following thermochemical equations apply to...Ch. 11 - Melting point is sometimes used as an indication...Ch. 11 - When warm, moist air sweeps in from the ocean and...Ch. 11 - *11.143 Gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - Gold crystallizes with a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 11 - Identify the type of unit cell belonging to the...Ch. 11 - Calculate the amount of empty space (in pm3) in...Ch. 11 - Silver has an atomic radius of 144 pm. What would...Ch. 11 - Potassium chloride crystallizes with the rock salt...Ch. 11 - Prob. 149RQCh. 11 - There are 270 Calories in a Hersheys* Milk...Ch. 11 - Prob. 151RQCh. 11 - *11.152 Frecze-drying is a process used to...Ch. 11 - When reporting the vapor pressure for a substance...Ch. 11 - 11.154 Supercritical is used to decaffeinate...Ch. 11 - 11.155 Freshly precipitated crystals are usually...Ch. 11 - 11.156 What are three “everyday” applications of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 157RQCh. 11 - 11.158 Galileo's thermometer is a tube of liquid...Ch. 11 - Use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to plot the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 160RQCh. 11 - Earlier in this chapter it was noted that the...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Determine the Coulombic and exchange energies for the following states, and determinewhich state is favored (ha...
Inorganic Chemistry
The results observed on pairing iron (III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3 with solid zinc should be determined. Concept Intr...
Living by Chemistry
1.1 Write a one-sentence definition for each of the following:
a. chemistry
b. chemical
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (12th Edition) - Standalone book
Which compound is more easily decarboxylated?
Organic Chemistry
PRACTICE 1.3 The melting point of table salt is 1474oF. What temperature is this on the Celsius and Kelvin scal...
Chemistry (7th Edition)
The reaction of potassium superoxide, KO2, is used in life-support systems to replace CO2(g) in expired air wit...
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Define critical temperature and critical pressure. In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, why is it impossible for a substance to exist as a liquid above its critical temperature?arrow_forwardDescribe the behavior of a liquid and its vapor in a closed vessel as the temperature increases.arrow_forwardDefine the normal boiling point of water. Why does a sample of boiling water remain at the same temperature until all the water has been boiled? Define the normal freezing point of water. Sketch a representation of a heating/cooling curve for water, marking clearly the normal freezing and boiling points.arrow_forward
- Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, was once used as a dry cleaning solvent, but is no longer used because it is carcinogenic. At 57.8 °C, the vapor pressure of CCl4 is 54.0 kPa, and its enthalpy of vaporization is 33.05 kJ/mol. Use this information to estimate the normal boiling point for CCl4.arrow_forwardA solution of carbon tetrachloride and acetic acid CH3COOH that is 90.% carbon tetrachloride by mass is boiling at 81.8°C. The vapor is collected and cooled until it condenses to form a new solution Calculate the percent by mass of carbon tetrachloride in the new solution. Here's some data you may need: normal boiling point density vapor pressure at 81.8°C carbon tetrachloride 77.°C 1.6gmL 873.torr acetic acid 118.°C 1.1gmL 362.torr Be sure your answer has 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: you may assume the solution and vapor above it are ideal.arrow_forwardCarbon tetrachloride, CCl4, was once used as a dry cleaning solvent, but is no longer used because it is carcinogenic. At 56.9°C, the vapor pressure of CCl4 is 54.6 kPa, and its enthalpy of vaporization is 29.82 kJ/mol. Use this information to estimate the normal boiling point (in °C) for CCl4.arrow_forward
- A 5.4-L closed vessel is filled with 0.46 g of liquid ethanol. This ethanol containing closed vessel is placed in the freezer and reaches the vapor pressure of 6.65 torr at -11 C. (i) Is there any liquid ethanol remained in the closed vessel when the container is removed and warmed to the temperature of 25 C? Justify your answer. (ii) How many grams of liquid ethanol remained in the vessel at 2.0 C? The enthalpy changes of vaporization, AH,vap of ethanol is 40.5 kJ/mol. The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol.arrow_forwardElemental carbon has one gas phase, one liquid phase, and two different solid phases, as shown in the phase diagram: (a) On the phase diagram, label the gas and liquid regions.(b) Graphite is the most stable phase of carbon at normal conditions. On the phase diagram, label the graphite phase.(c) If graphite at normal conditions is heated to 2500 K while the pressure is increased to 1010 Pa, it is converted into diamond. Label the diamond phase.(d) Circle each triple point on the phase diagram.(e) In what phase does carbon exist at 5000 K and 108 Pa?(f) If the temperature of a sample of carbon increases from 3000 K to 5000 K at a constant pressure of 106 Pa, which phase transition occurs, if any?arrow_forwardThe melting point of copper metal is 1083 °C. The vapor pressure of solid copper is reported to be 3.33×10-7 atm at 1060 °C. Estimate the number of gaseous copper atoms per cubic centimeter in equilibrium with solid copper at 1060 °C (23 °C below its melting point). atoms/cm3arrow_forward
- Consider a substance where the density of the solid phase is less than the density of the liquid phase. What does this suggest regarding the Pressure vs. Temperature phase diagram for this substance? The triple point for this substance indicates the pressure and temperature at which the liquid, solid, and gas phases are in equilibrium. The line separating the solid phase from the liquid phase will have a positive slope. The line separating the liquid from the solid phase represents the range of temperature/pressure values in which the two phases have the same Gibbs energy. The region of the diagram corresponding to the liquid phase will correspond to higher temperatures (compared to the solid phase region). None of the abovearrow_forwardThe temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of solid sulfur dioxide can be approximated by log(p) = 10.5916 – 1871.2/T, with p in Torr and T in K. The temperature dependence of the vapor pressure for liquid sulfur dioxide is given by log(p) = 8.3186 – 1425.7/T. Determine the temperature and pressure at the triple point.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: Isomorphous diagram Binary phase diagramarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemical Equilibria and Reaction Quotients; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GiZzCzmO5Q;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY