Problem 1PE Problem 2PE: List the following in order of their boiling points from lowest to highest.... Problem 3PE: Propylamine and trimethylamine have the same molecular formula, C3H9N, but quite different... Problem 4PE: People living in arid, dry, regions can cool their house using evaporative cooling. Use the kinetic... Problem 5PE: Use the kinetic molecular theory to explain why molecules in the gas phase will condense when... Problem 6PE: Considering Figure 11.24, in which direction should the piston be moved to decrease the number of... Problem 7PE: Suppose a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor in a piston-cylinder apparatus like that in Figure... Problem 8PE: The Dead Sea is approximately 1300 ft below sea level and its barometric pressure is approximately... Problem 9PE: The atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mt. McKinley in Denali National Park in Alaska, 3.85 miles... Problem 10PE: Benzene has a boiling point of 80.1C, and a specific heat capacity of 1.8J/gC in the liquid phase... Problem 11PE: Steam can cause more severe bums than water, even if both are at the same temperature. Calculate the... Problem 12PE: The equilibrium line from point B to D in Figure 11.28 is present in another figure in this chapter.... Problem 13PE: What phase changes will occur if water at 20C and 2.15 torr is heated to 50C under constant... Problem 14PE Problem 15PE: Use Le Chtelier's principle to predict how a temperature increase will affect the vapor pressure of... Problem 16PE Problem 17PE: At 0.00C, hexane, C6H14, has a vapor pressure of 45.37 mm Hg. Its Hvapis30.1kJmol-1. What is the... Problem 18PE Problem 19PE: Chromium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic structure. How many chromium atoms are in its unit... Problem 20PE: What is the ratio of the ions in the unit cell of cesium chloride, which is shown in Figure 11.41?... Problem 21PE: Polonium is the only metal known to crystallize in a simple cubic structure. If the X-ray experiment... Problem 22PE: Use the data in the previous Practice Exercise to determine the density of polonium. Can we use the... Problem 23PE: Stearic acid is an organic acid that has a chain of 18 carbon atoms. It is a soft solid with a... Problem 24PE: Boron nitride, which has the empirical formula BN, melts at 2730C and is almost as hard as diamond.... Problem 25PE: Crystals of elemental sulfur are easily crushed and melt at to give a clear yellow liquid that does... Problem 1RQ: 11.1 Why are the intermolecular attractive forces stronger in liquids and solids than they are in... Problem 2RQ: Compare the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids when they are transferred from one container to... Problem 3RQ Problem 4RQ: Why do intermolecular attractions weaken as the distances between the molecules increase? Problem 5RQ Problem 6RQ: Define polarizability. How does this property affect the strengths of London forces? Problem 7RQ Problem 8RQ: 11.8 Which nonmetals, besides hydrogen, are involved in hydrogen bonding? Why these elements and not... Problem 9RQ Problem 10RQ: Which would give a stronger iondipole interaction with water molecules: Al3+orNa+ ? Problem 11RQ Problem 12RQ Problem 13RQ: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
11.13 Which is expected to have the higher boiling... Problem 14RQ Problem 15RQ: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Name two physical properties of liquids and solids... Problem 16RQ Problem 17RQ Problem 18RQ Problem 19RQ Problem 20RQ Problem 21RQ: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
11.21 Which liquid is expected to have the larger... Problem 22RQ Problem 23RQ Problem 24RQ Problem 25RQ Problem 26RQ Problem 27RQ Problem 28RQ Problem 29RQ Problem 30RQ: Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium What terms do we use to describe the following changes of... Problem 31RQ Problem 32RQ: Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.32 Why does a molecule of a vapor that collides with the... Problem 33RQ: Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.33 When equilibrium is established in the evaporation of... Problem 34RQ: Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.34. Viewed at the molecular level, what is happening... Problem 35RQ Problem 36RQ Problem 37RQ: Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids
11.37 Explain why changing the volume of a container in which... Problem 38RQ Problem 39RQ: Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids 11.39 What effect does increasing the temperature have on the... Problem 40RQ: Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids Why does moisture condense on the outside of a cool glass of... Problem 41RQ: Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids Why do we feel more uncomfortable in humid air at 90F than in... Problem 42RQ Problem 43RQ: Boiling Points of Liquids Why does the boiling point vary with atmospheric pressure? Problem 44RQ: Boiling Points of Liquids Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the tallest peak in Africa (19,340 ft). The... Problem 45RQ: Boiling Points of Liquids
11.45. When liquid ethanol begins to boil, what is present inside the... Problem 46RQ Problem 47RQ: Boiling Points of Liquids Butane, C4H10, has a boiling point of -0.5C (which is 31F). Despite this,... Problem 48RQ: Boiling Points of Liquids
11.48. Why does have a lower boiling point than ? Why does have a much... Problem 49RQ: Boiling Points of Liquids An HF bond is more polar than an OH bond, so HF forms stronger hydrogen... Problem 50RQ: Energy and Changes of State The following is a cooling curve for one mole of a substance: (a) On... Problem 51RQ: Energy and Changes of State
11.51 Why is larger than ? How does compare with ? Explain your... Problem 52RQ: Energy and Changes of State Would the heat of condensation, Hcondensation, be exothermic or... Problem 53RQ: Energy and Changes of State Hurricanes can travel for thousands of miles over warm water, but they... Problem 54RQ: Energy and Changes of State Ethanol (grain alcohol) has a molar heat of vaporization of 39.3 kJ/mol.... Problem 55RQ: Energy and Changes of State A burn caused by steam is much more serious than one caused by the same... Problem 56RQ: Energy and Changes of State
11.56 Arrange the following substances in order of their increasing... Problem 57RQ Problem 58RQ: Phase Diagrams
11.58 Define critical temperature and critical pressure.
Problem 59RQ: Phase Diagrams What is a supercritical fluid? Why is supercritical CO2 used to decaffeinate coffee? Problem 60RQ: Phase Diagrams
11.60 What phases of a substance are in equilibrium at the triple point?
Problem 61RQ Problem 62RQ Problem 63RQ: Phase Diagrams Sketch a generic phase diagram that shows the regions where liquids, solids, and... Problem 64RQ: Phase Diagrams
11.64 What is the significance of the triple point?
Problem 65RQ Problem 66RQ: Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State State Le Chtelier's principle in your own words. Problem 67RQ: Le Châtelier's Principle and Changes of State
11.67 What do we mean by the position of... Problem 68RQ: Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the effect of... Problem 69RQ: Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State Use Le Chteliers principle to explain why lowering the... Problem 70RQ: Le Châtelier's Principle and Changes of State
11.70 Most solids and liquids expand when heated. When... Problem 71RQ: Determining Heats of Vaporization According to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, how does the vapor... Problem 72RQ: Determining Heats of Vaporization Why can't Celsius temperatures be used in the Clausius-Clapeyron... Problem 73RQ: Determining Heats of Vaporization Why can any units of pressure be used, as long as you are solving... Problem 74RQ Problem 75RQ Problem 76RQ Problem 77RQ: Determining the Structure of Solids What relationship is there between a crystal lattice and its... Problem 78RQ: Determining the Structure of Solids
11.78 The diagrams that follow illustrate two typical... Problem 79RQ: The figure below illustrates the way the atoms of two different elements are packed in a certain... Problem 80RQ: Make a sketch of a layer of sodium ions and chloride ions in a NaCl crystal. Indicate how the ions... Problem 81RQ: 11.81 How do the crystal structures of copper and gold differ? In what way are they similar? On the... Problem 82RQ: Determining the Structure of Solids
11.82 What kind of lattice does zinc sulfide have? What kind of... Problem 83RQ: Determining the Structure of Solids Only 14 different kinds of crystal lattices are possible. How... Problem 84RQ: Determining the Structure of Solids Write the Bragg equation and define the symbols. Problem 85RQ: Determining the Structure of Solids Why cant CaCl2orAlCl3 form crystals with the same structure as... Problem 86RQ Problem 87RQ: Crystal Types and Physical Properties
11.87 What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles... Problem 88RQ Problem 89RQ Problem 90RQ Problem 91RQ: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties What kinds of intermolecular attractive forces (i.e.,... Problem 92RQ: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties What kinds of intermolecular attractive forces are... Problem 93RQ: Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Which compound should have the higher vapor pressure... Problem 94RQ Problem 95RQ: 11.95 Consider the compounds (chloroform, an important solvent that was once used as an anesthetic)... Problem 96RQ: 11.96 Carbon dioxide does not liquefy at atmospheric pressure, but instead forms a solid that... Problem 97RQ Problem 98RQ Problem 99RQ Problem 100RQ Problem 101RQ: 11.101 The following are the vapor pressures of some relatively common chemicals measured at... Problem 102RQ: 11.102 The boiling points of some common substances are as follows:
Ethanol,
Ethylene glycol,... Problem 103RQ: 11.103 Using the information in Problem 11.101, list the compounds in order from lowest boiling... Problem 104RQ: 11.104 Using the information in Problem 11.102, list the compounds in order from highest vapor... Problem 105RQ: 11.105 What intermolecular forces must the following substances overcome in the process of... Problem 106RQ: 11.106 What intermolecular attractions will be formed when the following substances condense from... Problem 107RQ: Energy and Changes of State The molar heat of vaporization of water at 25Cis+43.9kJ/mol. How many... Problem 108RQ: Energy and Changes of State The molar heat of vaporization of acetone, C3H6O,is30.3kJ/mol at its... Problem 109RQ: *11.109 Suppose 45.0 g of water at is added to 105.0 g of ice at . The molar heat of fusion of... Problem 110RQ: A cube of solid benzene (C6H6) at its melting point and weighing 10.0 g is placed in 10.0 g of water... Problem 111RQ Problem 112RQ Problem 113RQ Problem 114RQ Problem 115RQ Problem 116RQ Problem 117RQ: Determining Heats of Vaporization
*11.117 Mercury is used in barometers since it has such a low... Problem 118RQ Problem 119RQ Problem 120RQ: *11.120 If the vapor pressure of ethylene glycol is 7.23 mm Hg at and 755 mm Hg at , what is the... Problem 121RQ: Determining the Structure of Solids
11.121 How many zinc and sulfide ions are present in the unit... Problem 122RQ: 11.122 How many copper atoms are within the face-centered cubic unit cell of copper? (Sec Figure... Problem 123RQ: The atomic radius of nickel is 1.24 . Nickel crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice. What is... Problem 124RQ: 11.124 Silver forms face-centered cubic crystals. The atomic radius of a silver atom is 144 pm. Draw... Problem 125RQ: Potassium ions have a radius of 133 pm, and bromide ions have a radius of 195 pm. The crystal... Problem 126RQ: 11.126 The unit cell edge in sodium chloride has a length of 564.0 pm. The sodium ion has a radius... Problem 127RQ Problem 128RQ Problem 129RQ: *11.129 Cesium chloride forms a simple cubic lattice in which ions are at the corners and a ion is... Problem 130RQ: 11.130 Rubidium chloride has the rock salt structure. Cations and anions are in contact along the... Problem 131RQ Problem 132RQ: Crystal Types and Physical Properties Elemental boron is a semiconductor, is very hard, and has a... Problem 133RQ Problem 134RQ Problem 135RQ Problem 136RQ: Crystal Types and Physical Properties
11.1 36 Indicate which type of crystal (i.e., ionic,... Problem 137RQ: List all of the attractive forces that exist in solid Na2SO3. How many bonds are ionic and how many... Problem 138RQ: 11.138 Calculate the mass of water vapor present in 10.0 L of air at if the relative humidity is... Problem 139RQ: 11.139 Should acetone molecules be attracted to water molecules more strongly than to other acetone... Problem 140RQ: The following thermochemical equations apply to acetic acid.... Problem 141RQ: Melting point is sometimes used as an indication of the extent of ionic bonding in a compoundthe... Problem 142RQ: When warm, moist air sweeps in from the ocean and rises over a mountain range, it expands and cools.... Problem 143RQ: *11.143 Gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice. The edge of the unit cell has a length... Problem 144RQ: Gold crystallizes with a face-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 407.86 pm. Calculate... Problem 145RQ: Identify the type of unit cell belonging to the following structures: Problem 146RQ: Calculate the amount of empty space (in pm3) in simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered... Problem 147RQ: Silver has an atomic radius of 144 pm. What would be the density of silver in g cm-3 if it were to... Problem 148RQ: Potassium chloride crystallizes with the rock salt structure. When bathed in X rays, the layers of... Problem 149RQ Problem 150RQ: There are 270 Calories in a Hersheys* Milk Chocolate bar. If all of the energy in the bar were used... Problem 151RQ Problem 152RQ: *11.152 Frecze-drying is a process used to preserve food. If strawberries are to be freeze-dried,... Problem 153RQ: When reporting the vapor pressure for a substance the temperature at which the vapor pressure was... Problem 154RQ: 11.154 Supercritical is used to decaffeinate coffee. Propose other uses for supercritical fluids.
Problem 155RQ: 11.155 Freshly precipitated crystals are usually very small. Over time the crystals tend to grow... Problem 156RQ: 11.156 What are three “everyday” applications of Le Châtelier's principle? For example, we turn up... Problem 157RQ Problem 158RQ: 11.158 Galileo's thermometer is a tube of liquid that has brightly colored glass spheres that float... Problem 159RQ: Use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to plot the vapor pressure curve of a gas that has a heat of... Problem 160RQ Problem 161RQ: Earlier in this chapter it was noted that the standard for pressure was changed to the bar from the... format_list_bulleted