Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781118516461
Author: Neil D. Jespersen, Alison Hyslop
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 11, Problem 64RQ
Phase Diagrams
What is the significance of the triple point?
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1PECh. 11 - List the following in order of their boiling...Ch. 11 - Propylamine and trimethylamine have the same...Ch. 11 - People living in arid, dry, regions can cool their...Ch. 11 - Use the kinetic molecular theory to explain why...Ch. 11 - Considering Figure 11.24, in which direction...Ch. 11 - Suppose a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor...Ch. 11 - The Dead Sea is approximately 1300 ft below sea...Ch. 11 - The atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mt....Ch. 11 - Benzene has a boiling point of 80.1C, and a...
Ch. 11 - Steam can cause more severe bums than water, even...Ch. 11 - The equilibrium line from point B to D in Figure...Ch. 11 - What phase changes will occur if water at 20C and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PECh. 11 - Use Le Chtelier's principle to predict how a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PECh. 11 - At 0.00C, hexane, C6H14, has a vapor pressure of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18PECh. 11 - Chromium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - What is the ratio of the ions in the unit cell of...Ch. 11 - Polonium is the only metal known to crystallize in...Ch. 11 - Use the data in the previous Practice Exercise to...Ch. 11 - Stearic acid is an organic acid that has a chain...Ch. 11 - Boron nitride, which has the empirical formula BN,...Ch. 11 - Crystals of elemental sulfur are easily crushed...Ch. 11 - 11.1 Why are the intermolecular attractive forces...Ch. 11 - Compare the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Why do intermolecular attractions weaken as the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5RQCh. 11 - Define polarizability. How does this property...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RQCh. 11 - 11.8 Which nonmetals, besides hydrogen, are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9RQCh. 11 - Which would give a stronger iondipole interaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11RQCh. 11 - Prob. 12RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Name...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RQCh. 11 - Prob. 17RQCh. 11 - Prob. 18RQCh. 11 - Prob. 19RQCh. 11 - Prob. 20RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22RQCh. 11 - Prob. 23RQCh. 11 - Prob. 24RQCh. 11 - Prob. 25RQCh. 11 - Prob. 26RQCh. 11 - Prob. 27RQCh. 11 - Prob. 28RQCh. 11 - Prob. 29RQCh. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium What...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31RQCh. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.32 Why...Ch. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.33...Ch. 11 - Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium
11.34....Ch. 11 - Prob. 35RQCh. 11 - Prob. 36RQCh. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids
11.37...Ch. 11 - Prob. 38RQCh. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids 11.39 What...Ch. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids Why does...Ch. 11 - Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids Why do we...Ch. 11 - Prob. 42RQCh. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids Why does the boiling...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids Mt. Kilimanjaro in...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids
11.45. When liquid...Ch. 11 - Prob. 46RQCh. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids Butane, C4H10, has a...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids
11.48. Why does have a...Ch. 11 - Boiling Points of Liquids An HF bond is more polar...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State The following is a...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State
11.51 Why is larger...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State Would the heat of...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State Hurricanes can travel...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State Ethanol (grain...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State A burn caused by steam...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State
11.56 Arrange the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 57RQCh. 11 - Phase Diagrams
11.58 Define critical temperature...Ch. 11 - Phase Diagrams What is a supercritical fluid? Why...Ch. 11 - Phase Diagrams
11.60 What phases of a substance...Ch. 11 - Prob. 61RQCh. 11 - Prob. 62RQCh. 11 - Phase Diagrams Sketch a generic phase diagram that...Ch. 11 - Phase Diagrams
11.64 What is the significance of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 65RQCh. 11 - Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State State...Ch. 11 - Le Châtelier's Principle and Changes of...Ch. 11 - Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State Use...Ch. 11 - Le Chtelier's Principle and Changes of State Use...Ch. 11 - Le Châtelier's Principle and Changes of...Ch. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization According to the...Ch. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization Why can't...Ch. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization Why can any...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74RQCh. 11 - Prob. 75RQCh. 11 - Prob. 76RQCh. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids What...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids
11.78 The...Ch. 11 - The figure below illustrates the way the atoms of...Ch. 11 - Make a sketch of a layer of sodium ions and...Ch. 11 - 11.81 How do the crystal structures of copper and...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids
11.82 What...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids Only 14...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids Write the...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids Why cant...Ch. 11 - Prob. 86RQCh. 11 - Crystal Types and Physical Properties
11.87 What...Ch. 11 - Prob. 88RQCh. 11 - Prob. 89RQCh. 11 - Prob. 90RQCh. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties What...Ch. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties What...Ch. 11 - Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties...Ch. 11 - Prob. 94RQCh. 11 - 11.95 Consider the compounds (chloroform, an...Ch. 11 - 11.96 Carbon dioxide does not liquefy at...Ch. 11 - Prob. 97RQCh. 11 - Prob. 98RQCh. 11 - Prob. 99RQCh. 11 - Prob. 100RQCh. 11 - 11.101 The following are the vapor pressures of...Ch. 11 - 11.102 The boiling points of some common...Ch. 11 - 11.103 Using the information in Problem 11.101,...Ch. 11 - 11.104 Using the information in Problem 11.102,...Ch. 11 - 11.105 What intermolecular forces must the...Ch. 11 - 11.106 What intermolecular attractions will be...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State The molar heat of...Ch. 11 - Energy and Changes of State The molar heat of...Ch. 11 - *11.109 Suppose 45.0 g of water at is added to...Ch. 11 - A cube of solid benzene (C6H6) at its melting...Ch. 11 - Prob. 111RQCh. 11 - Prob. 112RQCh. 11 - Prob. 113RQCh. 11 - Prob. 114RQCh. 11 - Prob. 115RQCh. 11 - Prob. 116RQCh. 11 - Determining Heats of Vaporization
*11.117 Mercury...Ch. 11 - Prob. 118RQCh. 11 - Prob. 119RQCh. 11 - *11.120 If the vapor pressure of ethylene glycol...Ch. 11 - Determining the Structure of Solids
11.121 How...Ch. 11 - 11.122 How many copper atoms are within the...Ch. 11 - The atomic radius of nickel is 1.24 . Nickel...Ch. 11 - 11.124 Silver forms face-centered cubic crystals....Ch. 11 - Potassium ions have a radius of 133 pm, and...Ch. 11 - 11.126 The unit cell edge in sodium chloride has a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 127RQCh. 11 - Prob. 128RQCh. 11 - *11.129 Cesium chloride forms a simple cubic...Ch. 11 - 11.130 Rubidium chloride has the rock salt...Ch. 11 - Prob. 131RQCh. 11 - Crystal Types and Physical Properties Elemental...Ch. 11 - Prob. 133RQCh. 11 - Prob. 134RQCh. 11 - Prob. 135RQCh. 11 - Crystal Types and Physical Properties
11.1 36...Ch. 11 - List all of the attractive forces that exist in...Ch. 11 - 11.138 Calculate the mass of water vapor present...Ch. 11 - 11.139 Should acetone molecules be attracted to...Ch. 11 - The following thermochemical equations apply to...Ch. 11 - Melting point is sometimes used as an indication...Ch. 11 - When warm, moist air sweeps in from the ocean and...Ch. 11 - *11.143 Gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - Gold crystallizes with a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 11 - Identify the type of unit cell belonging to the...Ch. 11 - Calculate the amount of empty space (in pm3) in...Ch. 11 - Silver has an atomic radius of 144 pm. What would...Ch. 11 - Potassium chloride crystallizes with the rock salt...Ch. 11 - Prob. 149RQCh. 11 - There are 270 Calories in a Hersheys* Milk...Ch. 11 - Prob. 151RQCh. 11 - *11.152 Frecze-drying is a process used to...Ch. 11 - When reporting the vapor pressure for a substance...Ch. 11 - 11.154 Supercritical is used to decaffeinate...Ch. 11 - 11.155 Freshly precipitated crystals are usually...Ch. 11 - 11.156 What are three “everyday” applications of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 157RQCh. 11 - 11.158 Galileo's thermometer is a tube of liquid...Ch. 11 - Use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to plot the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 160RQCh. 11 - Earlier in this chapter it was noted that the...
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- List the different phase transitions that are possible and give examples of each.arrow_forwardGiven the following data about xenon, normalboilingpoint=108Cnormalmeltingpoint=112Ctriplepoint=121Cat281mmHgcriticalpoint=16.6Cat58atm (a) Construct an approximate phase diagram for xenon. (b) Estimate the vapor pressure of xenon at -115C. (c) Is the density of solid Xe larger than that for liquid Xe?arrow_forwardThe phase diagram for water over a relative narrow pressure and temperature range is given in Figure 9.19. A phase diagram over a considerably wider range of temperature and pressure (kbar) is given nearby. This phase diagram illustrates the polymorphism of ice, the existence of a solid in more than one form. In this case, Roman numerals are used to designate each polymorphic form. For example, Ice I, ordinary ice, is the form that exists under ordinary pressures. The other forms exist only at higher pressures, in some cases extremely high pressure such as Ice VII and Ice VIII. Using the phase diagram, give the approximate P and T conditions at the triple point for Ice III, Ice V, and liquid water. Determine the approximate temperature and pressure for the triple point for Ices VI, VII, and VIII. What is anomalously different about the fusion curves for Ice VI and Ice VII compared to that of Ice I? What phases exist at 8 kbar and 20 °C? At a constant temperature of −10 °C, start at 3 kbar and increase the pressure to 7 kbar. Identify all the phase changes that occur sequentially as these conditions change. Explain why there is no triple point for the combination of Ice VII, Ice VIII, and liquid water.arrow_forward
- Which solid phase that is, which allotrope of carbon is more stable, graphite or diamond? You should consult some of the tables in the thermodynamics section of this text.. Both solid phases exist under normal conditions of pressure and temperature. Explain why this is so, given that one solid phase is more thermodynamically stable than the other. Do their unit cells provide any suggestion for their relative stabilities?arrow_forwardConsider the following data for xenon: Triple point: 121C, 280 torr Normal melting point: 112C Normal boiling point: 107C Which is more dense, Xe(s) or Xe(l)? How do the melting point and boiling point of xenon depend on pressure?arrow_forwardUse the phase diagram of water in Figure 6.6 and count the total number of phase transitions that are represented.arrow_forward
- Silicon carbide, SiC, is a very hard, high-melting solid. What kind of crystal forces account for these properties?arrow_forwardThe phase diagram of NH3 can be characterized by the following information. The normal melting and boiling points are 195.2 and 239.82 K, respectively; the triple point pressure and temperature are 6077 Paand 195.41 K, respectively. The critical point is found at 112.8 x 105 Pa and 405.5 K. Make a sketch of the P-T phase diagram (not necessarily to scale). Place a point in the phase diagram for the following conditions.State which and how many phases are present.a. 195.41 K, 9506 Pab. 195.41 K, 6077 Pac. 245.5 K, 101325 Pad. 415 K, 115000 Pae. 185.5 K, 6077 Paarrow_forward1.5 P (atm) 1.0 A 0.5 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 T (°C) For the given phase diagram, °C ; and the segment between points corresponds to the conditions of temperature and pressure the triple point temperature is under which the solid and the liquid of the substance are in equilibrium.arrow_forward
- The following table gives several important points on the pressure-temperature diagram of nitrogen: P (atm) T (K) Triple point 0.123 63.15 Critical point 33.3978 126.19 Normal boiling point 1.0 77.35 Normal melting point 1.0 63.15 Use this information to sketch the phase diagram of nitro- gen. The density of N2(s) is 1.03 g cm-3 and that of N2(€) is 0.808 g cmarrow_forwardA type of alloy is a homogeneous solid mixture of metals and melts at a distinct temperature. What is this type of alloy? Give a detailed explanation of this type of alloy with a suitable example and related phase diagram.arrow_forwardThe following table gives several important points on the pressure-temperature diagram of ammonia: P (atm) T (K) Triple point 0.05997 195.42 Critical point 111.5 405.38 Normal boiling point 1.0 239.8 Normal melting point 1.0 195.45arrow_forward
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