Chapter 11, Problem 40A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A complete orbital diagram of Helium with $Z=2$ should be obtained.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in the ground when they follow certain rules like the Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If the atomic number of an element is $Z$ then $Z$ numbers of electrons are filled into the orbitals which are arranged in increasing order of energy.

No two electrons in an atom can have the same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.

While filling of orbital’s, the electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before the paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.

Answer to Problem 40A

Complete orbital diagram of Helium with $Z=2$ is as follows:

  

Explanation of Solution

As per the Aufbau rule, electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:

  $\begin{array}{l}1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<\\ 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p\end{array}$ .

So, the complete electronic configuration of Helium with $Z=2$ is as follows:

  $\text{1}{s}^2$

Therefore, the complete orbital diagram of Helium with $Z=2$ is as follows:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A complete orbital diagram of Neon with $Z=10$ should be obtained.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in the ground when they follow certain rules like the Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If the atomic number of an element is $Z$ then $Z$ numbers of electrons are filled into the orbitals which are arranged in increasing order of energy.

No two electrons in an atom can have the same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.

While filling of orbital’s, the electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before the paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.

Answer to Problem 40A

Complete orbital diagram of Neon with $Z=10$ is as follows:

  

Explanation of Solution

As per Aufbau rule electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:

  $\begin{array}{l}1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<\\ 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p\end{array}$ .

So complete electronic configuration of Neon with $Z=10$ is as follows:

  $\text{1}{s}^{2}2s^{2}2p^6$

Therefore, the complete orbital diagram of Neon with $Z=10$ is as follows:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A complete orbital diagram of krypton with $Z=36$ should be obtained.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in the ground when they follow certain rules like the Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If the atomic number of an element is $Z$ then $Z$ numbers of electrons are filled into the orbitals which are arranged in increasing order of energy.

No two electrons in an atom can have the same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.

While filling of orbital’s, the electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before the paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.

Answer to Problem 40A

Complete orbital diagram of krypton with $Z=36$ is as follows:

  

Explanation of Solution

As per the Aufbau rule, electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:

  $\begin{array}{l}1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<\\ 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p\end{array}$ .

So, the complete electronic configuration of krypton with $Z=36$ is as follows:

  $\text{1}{s}^2\text{2}{s}^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^6$

Therefore, the complete orbital diagram of krypton with $Z=36$ is as follows:

  

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A complete orbital diagram of Xenon with $Z=54$ should be obtained.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in the ground when they follow certain rules like the Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If the atomic number of an element is $Z$ then $Z$ numbers of electrons are filled into the orbitals which are arranged in increasing order of energy.

No two electrons in an atom can have the same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.

While filling of orbital’s, the electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before the paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.

Answer to Problem 40A

Complete orbital diagram of Xenon with $Z=54$ is as follows:

  

Explanation of Solution

As per the Aufbau rule, electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:

  $\begin{array}{l}1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<\\ 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p\end{array}$ .

So, the complete electronic configuration of Xenon with $Z=54$ is as follows:

  $\text{1}{s}^2\text{2}{s}^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{6}4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^6$

Therefore, the complete orbital diagram of Xenon with $Z=54$ is as follows: