General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 83E
The molecule
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Identify the likely structure dipole moment of the theoretical molecule C(OH)3Cl.
Provide a hand-drawn illustration showing the molecule's 3D structure and dipole moment if applicable.
I am struggling to understand the bond angles between the atoms of the molecule O=N-Cl. The solutions state that the angle is 113°, but I am confused as to why it is not 120°
Molecules can be polar because of the unsymmetrical distribution of electrons. The dipole moment, μ Q r
μ=Q×r
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3.336×10^−30 C⋅m=1 D
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%ionic character=measured dipole/if electrons transferred×100%
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Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 10 - Write Lewis symbols for the following atoms. (a)...Ch. 10 - Write Lewis symbols for the following ions. (a)...Ch. 10 - Write plausible Lewis structures for the following...Ch. 10 - Each of the following molecules contains at least...Ch. 10 - By means of Lewis structures, represent bonding...Ch. 10 - Which of the following have Lewis structures that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7ECh. 10 - Suggest reasons why the following do not exist as...Ch. 10 - Describe what is wrong with each of the following...Ch. 10 - Describe what is wrong with each of the following...
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11ECh. 10 - Indicate what is wrong with each of the following...Ch. 10 - Write Lewis structures for the following ionic...Ch. 10 - Under appropriate conditions, both hydrogen and...Ch. 10 - Derive the correct formulas for the following...Ch. 10 - Each of the following ionic compounds consists of...Ch. 10 - Assign formal charges to each of the atoms in the...Ch. 10 - Assign formal charges to each of the atoms in the...Ch. 10 - Both oxidation state and formal charge involve...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20ECh. 10 - Prob. 21ECh. 10 - Assign formal charges to the atoms in the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 23ECh. 10 - Show that the idea of minimizing the formal...Ch. 10 - Write acceptable Lewis structures for the...Ch. 10 - Two molecules that have the same formulas but...Ch. 10 - The following polyatomic anions involve covalent...Ch. 10 - Represent the following ionic compounds by Lewis...Ch. 10 - Write a plausible Lewis structure for...Ch. 10 - Prob. 30ECh. 10 - Write Lewis structures for the molecules...Ch. 10 - Write Lewis structures for the molecules...Ch. 10 - Write Lewis structures for the molecules...Ch. 10 - Write Lewis structures for the molecules...Ch. 10 - Identify the main group that the element X belongs...Ch. 10 - Prob. 36ECh. 10 - Use your knowledge of electronegativities, but do...Ch. 10 - Which of the blowing molecules would you expect to...Ch. 10 - What is the percent ionic character of each of the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 40ECh. 10 - Prob. 41ECh. 10 - Use a cross-base arrow () to represent the...Ch. 10 - Which electrostatic potential map corresponds to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 44ECh. 10 - Two electrostatic potential maps are shown, one...Ch. 10 - Prob. 46ECh. 10 - Prob. 47ECh. 10 - Which of the following species requires a...Ch. 10 - Dinitrogen oxide (nitrous oxide, or "laughing...Ch. 10 - The Lewis structure of nitric acid, HONO2, is a...Ch. 10 - Draw Lewis structures for the following species,...Ch. 10 - Draw Lewis structures for the following species,...Ch. 10 - Write plausible Lewis structures for the following...Ch. 10 - Write plausible Lewis structures for the following...Ch. 10 - Which of the following species would you expect to...Ch. 10 - Write a plausible Lewis structure for NO2 , and...Ch. 10 - In which of the following species is it necessary...Ch. 10 - Prob. 58ECh. 10 - Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shapes...Ch. 10 - Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shapes...Ch. 10 - Each of the following is either linear, angular...Ch. 10 - Predict the geometric shapes of (a) CO ; (b)...Ch. 10 - One of the following ions has a trigonal-planer...Ch. 10 - Two of the following have the same shape. Which...Ch. 10 - Prob. 65ECh. 10 - Sketch the probable geometric shape of molecule of...Ch. 10 - Use the VSEPR theory to predict the shapes of the...Ch. 10 - Use the VSEPR theory to predict the shape of (a)...Ch. 10 - The molecular shape of BF2 is planar (see Table...Ch. 10 - Explain why it is not necessary to find the Lewis...Ch. 10 - Comment on the similarities and differences in the...Ch. 10 - Comment on the similarities and differences in the...Ch. 10 - Draw a plausible Lewis structure for the following...Ch. 10 - Draw a plausible Lewis structure for the following...Ch. 10 - Sketch the propyne molecule, CH2CCH. Indicate the...Ch. 10 - Sketch the propene molecule, CH2CHCH2. Indicate...Ch. 10 - Lactic acid has the formula CH2CH(OH)COOH. Sketch...Ch. 10 - Levulinic acid has the formula CH2(CO)CH2CH2COOH....Ch. 10 - Prob. 79ECh. 10 - Prob. 80ECh. 10 - Predict the shapes of the following molecules, and...Ch. 10 - Which of the blowing molecules would you expect to...Ch. 10 - The molecule H2O2 has a resultant dipole moment of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 84ECh. 10 - Without referring to tables in the text, indicate...Ch. 10 - Estimate the lengths of the blowing bonds and...Ch. 10 - A relationship between bond lengths and...Ch. 10 - In which of the following molecules would you...Ch. 10 - Prob. 89ECh. 10 - Prob. 90ECh. 10 - A reaction involved in the formation of ozone the...Ch. 10 - Use data from Table 10.3, but without performing...Ch. 10 - Use data from Table 10.3 to estimate the enthalpy...Ch. 10 - One of the chemical reactions that occurs in the...Ch. 10 - Estimate the standard enthalpies of formation at...Ch. 10 - Prob. 96ECh. 10 - Use bond energies from Table 10.3 to estimate rH...Ch. 10 - Equations (1) end (2) can be combined to yield the...Ch. 10 - One reaction involved in the sequence of reactions...Ch. 10 - Prob. 100ECh. 10 - Given the bond-dissociation energies:...Ch. 10 - Prob. 102IAECh. 10 - Prob. 103IAECh. 10 - Prob. 104IAECh. 10 - Prob. 105IAECh. 10 - Draw Lewis structures for two different molecules...Ch. 10 - Sodium azide, NaN2 is the nitrogen gas-forming...Ch. 10 - Prob. 108IAECh. 10 - Prob. 109IAECh. 10 - A few years ago the synthesis of a salt containing...Ch. 10 - Prob. 111IAECh. 10 - In certain polar solvents, PCI, undergoes an...Ch. 10 - Prob. 113IAECh. 10 - Prob. 114IAECh. 10 - Use the VSEPR theory to predict a probable shape...Ch. 10 - The standard enthalpy of formation of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 117IAECh. 10 - Prob. 118IAECh. 10 - Prob. 119IAECh. 10 - R. S. Mulliken proposed that the electronegativity...Ch. 10 - When molten sulfur reacts with chlorine gas, a...Ch. 10 - Hydrogen azide, HN2 , can exist in two forms. One...Ch. 10 - Prob. 123IAECh. 10 - Prob. 124IAECh. 10 - Prob. 125IAECh. 10 - One of the allotropes of sulfur is a ring of eight...Ch. 10 - One of the allotropes of phosphorus consists of...Ch. 10 - In this problem, we examine the basis of three...Ch. 10 - Prob. 129FPCh. 10 - Prob. 130FPCh. 10 - Prob. 131SAECh. 10 - Briefly describe each of the following ideas: (a)...Ch. 10 - Explain the important distinctions between (a)...Ch. 10 - Prob. 134SAECh. 10 - The formal charges on the O atoms in the ion...Ch. 10 - Which molecule is nonlinear?...Ch. 10 - Which molecule is nonpolar?...Ch. 10 - The highest bond-dissociation energy is found in...Ch. 10 - The greatest bond length is found in...Ch. 10 - Draw plausible Lewis structures for the blowing...Ch. 10 - Predict the shapes of the following...Ch. 10 - Which of the following ionic compounds is composed...Ch. 10 - Which of the following molecules does not obey the...Ch. 10 - Which of the following molecules has no polar...Ch. 10 - The electron-group geometry of H2O is (a)...Ch. 10 - For each of the following compounds, give the...Ch. 10 - Use bond enthalpies from Table 10.3 to determine...Ch. 10 - Prob. 148SAECh. 10 - Prob. 149SAECh. 10 - What is the VSEPR theory? On what physical basis...Ch. 10 - Prob. 151SAECh. 10 - Prob. 152SAECh. 10 - Prob. 153SAECh. 10 - Prob. 154SAE
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- Consider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S. In each case, a central atom is surrounded by four electron pairs. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 109.5? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardIn the gas phase, positive and negative ions form ion pairs that are like molecules. An example is KF, which is found to have a dipole moment of 28.7 1030 C m and a distance of separation between the two ions of 217.2 pm. Use this information and the definition of dipole moment to calculate the partial charge on each atom. Compare your result with the expected charge, which is the charge on an electron, 1.602 1019 C. Based on your result, is KF really completely ionic?arrow_forwardBest Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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