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Hydrogen azide,
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General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
- Best Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardFormamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.arrow_forwardPhosphorus pentachloride, a key industrial compound with annual world production of about 2107kg, is used to make other compounds. It reacts with sulfur dioxide to produce phos-phorus oxychloride (POCl₃) and thionyl chloride (SOCl₂).Draw a Lewis structure, and name the molecular shape of each product.arrow_forward
- Selenium tetrafluoride, SeF₄, is a colorless liquid that is used as a fluorinating reagent in organic synthesis. Based on your Lewis structure for SeF₄, how many electron domains are on the central atom?arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure of HClO₃ (with minimized formal charges) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure.arrow_forwardNitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is used in the electronics industry to clean surfaces. NF3 is also a potent greenhouse gas. (A) Draw the Lewis structure of NF3 and determine its molecular geometry. (B) BF3 and NF3 both have three covalently bonded fluorine atoms around a central atom. Do they have the same dipole moment? (C) Could BF3 also behave as a greenhouse gas? Explain why or why not.arrow_forward
- Consider a hypothetical molecule with the formula X4Y2Z. The atoms X, Y, and Z have electronegativities of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5, respectively. The molecule adopts a tetrahedral geometry with X atoms at the corners, Y atoms in the middle of the edges, and Z atoms at the center of the molecule. Explain the polarity of this molecule and the factors contributing to it.arrow_forward. Assume that the third-period element phosphorus forms a diatomic molecule, P2, in an analogous way as nitrogen does to form N2. (a) Write the electronic configuration for P2. Use [Ne2] to represent the electron configuration for the first two periods. (b) Calculate its bond order. (c) What are its magnetic properties (diamagnetic or paramagnetic)?arrow_forwardOxygen gas reacts with sulfur tetrafluoride to slowly form sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide gas. Balance the equation for the formation of sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide. chemical reaction: 0,(g) + SF (g) → OSF,(g) Draw the Lewis structure of OSF, where the formal charge is zero on each atom. The sulfur atom is the central atom in the structure, and it is bonded to the oxygen atom and each of the four fluorine atoms. Select Draw Rings More Erase Use the bond energies in the table to estimate the enthalpy of reaction for the formation of sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide. étv Aaarrow_forward
- There are two main types of covalent bond breakage. In ho-molytic breakage , each atom in the bond gets one of the shared electrons. In some cases, the electronega-tivity of adjacent atoms affects the bond energy. In heterolytic breakage, one atom gets both electrons and the other gets none;thus, a cation and an anion form. (a) Why is the C−C bond in H₃C−CF₃(423 kJ/mol) strongerthan that in H₃C−CH₃(376 kJ/mol)?(b) Use bond energy and any other data to calculate the heat ofreaction for the heterolytic cleavage of O₂.arrow_forward10. Each ball-and-stick model below shows the electron-pair and molecular geometry of a generic molecule. Explain what is wrong with each molecular geometry and provide the correct molecular geometry based on the number of lone and bonding pairs around the central atom. (a) (b) (c) 11. Draw the Lewis structure for acetamide (CH3CONH2) and determine the geometry about each interior atom. Experiments show that the geometry about the N atom in acetamide is nearly planar. Draw a resonance structure that can account for the planar geometry about the N atom.arrow_forwardIn terms of the bonds present, explain why acetic acid, CH3CO2H, contains two distinct types of carbon-oxygen bonds, whereas the acetate ion, formed by loss of a hydrogen ion from acetic acid, only contains one type of carbon- oxygen bond. The skeleton structures of these species are shown: но H Н—с—с-о—н H-C-C- H. H.arrow_forward
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