- 11. When liquid and vapor coexist in a container at equilibrium, the pressure is called vapor pressure. Several models predict vapor pressure. One, called the Antoine equation, first introduced by Ch. Antoine in 1888, yields vapor pressure in units of millimeters of mercury [mm Hg].
The constants A, B , and C are called the Antoine constants; they depend on both fluid type and temperature. Note that B and C must be in the same units as temperature, and A is a dimensionless number, all determined by experiment.
Create a worksheet using the provided template. The Antoine constants, located in cells D17 to 124 of the workbook provided, should automatically fill in after the user selects one from a drop-down menu in cell A9 of the compounds shown below. (Hint: Use data validation and lookup expressions.)
Next, create a column of temperature (T) beginning at – 100 degrees Celsius and increasing in increments of 5 degrees Celsius until a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius.
In column B, calculate the vapor pressure (P, in millimeters of mercury, [mm Hg]) using the Antoine equation, formatted to four decimal places. If the equation is outside the valid temperature range for the compound, the pressure column should be blank.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 10 Solutions
Thinking Like an Engineer: An Active Learning Approach (4th Edition)
Additional Engineering Textbook Solutions
Vector Mechanics For Engineers
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
HEAT+MASS TRANSFER:FUND.+APPL.
Introduction to Heat Transfer
Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
- Question 2.8: Compressed air is commonly used to power a large variety of power tools. Lowe's sells an air compressor that can fill an 8-gallon tank to 160 psi. At a temperature of 70°F, determine the mass of the air inside a full 8-gallon tank. Let Patm = 14.7 psi. a) Use the ideal gas law (you will need to do a lot of unit conversions for this). [0.429 kg] b) Find the compressibility factor. How far off is your analysis above? [0.99]arrow_forwardIn order to fnd the specifc heat c of an unknown substance, you place 75 g of the substance in a 30 g copper calorimeter that contains 65 g of water, all initially at 20 °C. You then add 100 g of water at 80 °C, and measure the fnal temperature of the system to be 49 °C. Assuming no heat is lost to the environment, what is c? [Answer: c = 2200 J/kg. K] 즈arrow_forwardThe gravitational constant g is 9.807 m/s² at sea level, but it decreases as you go up in elevation. A useful equation for this decrease In g is g= a - bz, where z is the elevation above sea level, a = 9.807 m/s², and b=3.32 x 10-61/s². An astronaut "weighs" 80.0 kg at sea level. [Technically this means that his/her mass is 80.0 kg.] Calculate this person's weight in N while floating around in the International Space Station (z=325 km). If the Space Station were to suddenly stop in its orbit, what gravitational acceleration would the astronaut feel Immediately after the satellite stopped moving? The person's weight in N while floating around in the International Space Station Is The astronaut feels a gravitational acceleration of m/s² N.arrow_forward
- Complete the following Table for water. For each case, draw a separate T-v diagram and qualitatively mark each thermodynamic state on the diagram. Show all required calculations for full credit. p[kPa] T[°C] v [m³/kg] u [kJ/kg] X state h [kJ/kg] 2260 275 400 700 350 1 2000 20arrow_forwardQuestion 4.4 A core was mounted in a gas permeameter to measure permeability, and the following laboratory data are obtained from the experiment: Diameter of the core = 2.59 cm - Length of the core = 6.03 cm - Gas viscosity = 0.0148 cP q [cm/s] Р, [КРa] P, [kPa] 13.09 65.4 13.5 7.91 44.6 11.2 4.12 25.3 6.4 3.23 19.4 4.1 Determine the gas permeability and equivalent liquid permeability of the core using the above data (in Darcy units).arrow_forwardA perfect gas has a constant pressure specific heat, cp, of 0.846 kJ/(kg K) and a constant volume specific heat, cv, of 0.657 kJ/(kg K). Determine the relative molar mass (molecular weight) of the gas. [RMM=44]arrow_forward
- The Antoine Equation can be used to estimate vapor pressure at various temperatures for different substances using sets of empirically-derived constants. The equation can be written as: Where for water A = 8.07131, B = 1730.63, C = 233.426, T = temperature [°C], and P = vapor pressure [mmHg]. Note that with these constants the temperature and pressure must be provided in °C and mmHg, respectively. Using the Antoine Equation and the provided constants, what atmospheric pressure (provided in terms of % of standard atmospheric pressure) will permit water to boil at 75 °C?arrow_forward1. Refrigerant R-22 with the mass of 2 kg is located inside the sealed container, initially saturated vapor at 6.8 bar. Heat was added to refrigerant and final pressure reached 20 bar according to pv=const. Neglecting the kinetic and potential energy changes determine: Internal energy change in [J] Heat added to the refrigerant in [J] and work done by fluid in [J]. 3.draw the Temperature-volume diagram showing all stages. 4.What do you think about the final stage condition? Is it gas, liquid-gas, or liquid stage? Use energy balance equation and find all unknowns using the NIST webbook.arrow_forward4. Measured data for pressure versus volume during the expansion of gases within the cylinder of an internal combustion engine are given in the table below. Using data from the table, complete the following: a) Determine a value of n such that the data are fit by an equation of the form pV = const [1.2] b) Evaluate analytically (using an integral) the work done by the gases based on your result from part (a) [0.64 kJ] c) Using graphical or numerical integration on the data (i.e. midpoint trapezoidal rule), evaluate the work done by the gases [0.65 kJ] d) Compare the different methods for estimating the work used in parts (b) and (c). Why are they estimates? p [bar] V [cm³] 15 300 12 361 9 459 NO 6 644 4 903 2 1608arrow_forward
- 36. In a car tire are 9.0 dm³ air at 12 °C under a inflation pressure of 2.2 bar. During a long journey, the air inside the tire warms up to 76 °C as a result of flexing and sunlight. The tire extends insofar that the new air volume is 9.4 dm. Which inflation pressure prevails in the tire? [pressure 2.75 bar]arrow_forward1. Find the force required to move a load of 300 N up a rough plane, the force being applied parallel to the plane. The inclination of the plane is such that a force of 60 N inclined at 30° to a similar smooth plane would keep the same load in equilibrium. The coefficient of friction is 0.3. [Ans. 146 N]arrow_forward1.3 A mixture of two liquids of equal volume is made, the one has a relative density of 0,8 and the other a density of 980 kg/m³. What will the weight of 2 500 litres be? 1.4 1.5 1.6 15 1.7 [21830 N] A solid block of stone with a relative density 4 is broken down and crushed to an average size of 20 mm. If the stone originally had a volume of 50 m³, how many truck loads with a volume of 2 m³, will it take to transport the crushed stone if 25 of the crushed stone has a mass of 80 kg. Has the relative density changed? How much? Why? [32 truck loads] Use table 1.4.2 to determine the kinematic viscosity of crude oil with a density of 855 kg/ m³ at temperatures of 20°C and 100°C. [9,357 x 10-6 m²/s; 3,275 x 10-6 m²/s] Air is used in a sensitive gyroscope to keep the metal bearing surfaces apart. Will the friction losses in the bearing be higher, lower or the same if the temperature of the bearing increases? A widely used S.I. unit for kinematic viscosity is centi- stoke cSt. One stoke is…arrow_forward
- Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University PressMechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONThermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
- Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEYMechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage LearningEngineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY